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less than twenty years old

1 parvissime

parvus, a, um, adj. (usual, irreg. comp. and sup.: mĭnor, mĭnĭmus.— Comp.:
volantum parviores,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 26.— Sup.: rictus parvissimus, Varr. ap. Non. 456, 10:
parvissima corpora,
Lucr. 1, 615; 621; 3, 199: minerrimus pro minimo dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 122 Müll.:
minimissimus,
Arn. 5, n. 8) [kindr. with paucus and Gr. pauros; cf., also, parum, parcus], little, small, petty, puny, inconsiderable (cf.: exiguus, minutus, brevis; in class. prose parvus is not used, like brevis, of stature, v. Auct. Her. 4, 33, 45).
I.
Posit.:
in parvis aut mediocribus rebus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:
quam parva sit terra, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26; cf. id. ib. 6, 16, 16:
commoda parva ac mediocria,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1:
in parvum quendam et angustum locum concludi,
id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:
beneficium non parvum,
id. Caecin. 10, 26:
parvi pisciculi,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 123:
haec parva et infirma sunt,
id. Clu. 34, 94:
si parva licet componere magnis,
Verg. G. 4, 176:
merces,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 86:
sucus,
Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178 et saep.:
liberi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37;
so of children: salutaria appetant parvi,
the little ones, id. Fin. 3, 5, 16:
parva soror,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 15; cf.:
memini quae plagosum mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70:
operosa parvus Carmina fingo,
a little man, id. C. 4, 2, 31; Suet. Aug. 48:
a parvis didicimus: si in jus vocat, etc.,
when little, in childhood, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
puer in domo a parvo eductus,
from infancy, Liv. 1, 39 fin. —Of time, little, short, brief:
parvae consuetudinis Causa,
slight, short, Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; cf.:
in parvo tempore,
Lucr. 5, 106:
nox,
Luc. 4, 476:
vita,
id. 6, 806:
parvam fidem habere alicui,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117:
hic onus horret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 39:
homo parvo ingenio,
Plin. Ep. 6, 29:
parvum carmen,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 257:
hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,
both small and great, id. ib. 1, 3, 28.—With ref. to value or consequence, little, small, low, mean, etc.:
meam erus esse operam deputat parvi pretii,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1:
nil parvom aut humili modo, Nil mortale loquar,
Hor. C. 3, 25, 17:
et magnis parva mineris Falce recisurum simili te,
id. S. 1, 3, 122:
pretio parvo vendere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,
of little value, id. Off. 1, 22, 76:
parvi refert abs te jus dici diligenter, nisi, etc.,
it matters little, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 20.—Hence, parvi facere, aestimare, ducere, pendere, etc., to esteem lightly, care little for:
parvi ego illos facio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41:
parvi aestimo, si ego hic peribo,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 24:
quia parvi id duceret,
Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 29.—So, in abl.:
signa abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,
Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; so,
quanti emptus? parvo,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 156:
parvo stat magna potentia nobis,
Ov. M. 14, 493:
parvo contentus esse possum,
with little, Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; cf.:
vivitur parvo bene,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 13:
possim contentus vivere parvo,
Tib. 1, 1, 25:
agricolae prisci, fortes parvoque beati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:
necessarium est parvo assuescere,
Sen. Ep. 123, 3: parvo, as an abl. of measure, with comp. (rarely;
perh. not ante-Aug.): ita ut parvo admodum plures caperentur,
a very little more, Liv. 10, 45, 11:
parvo brevius,
Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:
haud parvo junior,
Gell. 13, 2, 2.—So in designating time:
parvo post,
Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103:
parvo post tempore,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 1.—Of stature (late Lat. for brevis):
Zacchaeus staturā parvus erat,
Aug. Serm. 113, 3; id. in Psa. 143, 1.
II.
Comp.: mĭnor, us [cf. Gr. minus, minuthô], less, lesser, smaller, inferior:
quod in re majore valet, valeat in minore,
Cic. Top. 4, 23:
si ea pecunia non minor esset facta,
id. Leg. 2, 20, 51:
Hibernia dimidio minor quam Britannia,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13:
minus praedae quam speraverant fuit,
a smaller quantity, less, Liv. 4, 51:
sociis dimidio minus quam civibus datum,
id. 41, 13 fin.:
calceus... si minor (pede), uret,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43:
neve minor, neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula,
less than five acts, id. A. P. 189:
genibus minor,
i. e. down upon his knees, on his bended knees, id. Ep. 1, 12, 28; cf.:
minor in certamine longo,
worsted, id. ib. 1, 10, 35:
numero plures, virtute et honore minores,
inferior, id. ib. 2, 1, 183.— Absol.: minor, inferior in rank:
praevalidi ad injurias minorum elati,
Tac. A. 15, 20; Ov. P. 4, 7, 49; cf.:
sapiens uno minor est Jove,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106:
minor capitis, i. e. capiti deminutus,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: et sunt notitiā multa minora tuā, too trivial, = leviora, Ov. Tr. 2, 214:
dies sermone minor fuit,
too short for, id. P. 2, 10, 37:
infans Et minor igne rogi,
too young for, Juv. 15, 140.—With abl. of measure, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:
ut uno minus teste haberet?
id. ib. 2, 1, 57, §
149: bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt, me minus uno, Viribus,
i. e. eleven, Ov. M. 12, 554.—Of age:
qui minor est natu,
younger, Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
aliquot annis minor natu,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 61:
aetate minor,
Ov. M. 7, 499:
minor uno mense,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 40:
filia minor Ptolemaei regis,
the younger daughter, Caes. B. C. 3, 112:
minor viginti annis,
less than twenty years old, under twenty years of age, Dig. 30, 99, 1.— With gen.:
minor quam viginti quinque annorum natu, Praetor,
Dig. 4, 4, 1; id. ib. 50, 2, 6:
si pupilla minor quam viripotens nupserit,
id. ib. 36, 2, 30.—So, absol.: minor, a person under age (under five-and-twenty), a minor:
De minoribus,
Dig. 4, tit. 4:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
ib. 4, 4, 24:
si minor praetor vel consul jus dixerit, valebit,
ib. 42, 1, 57.— Poet., children, Sil. 2, 491.—Also, descendants, posterity, = posteri:
nunc fama, minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem,
Verg. A. 1, 532; so id. ib. 733; Prop. 2, 15, 47; Sil. 16, 44:
minorum gentium, v. gens.—In specifications of value: vendo meum non pluris quam ceteri, fortasse etiam minoris,
cheaper, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
minoris pallium addicere placuit,
Petr. 14: omnia minoris aestimare, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:
(fidem suam) non minoris quam publicam ducebat,
Sall. J. 32, 5.—
(β).
Poet., with acc. respect.:
frontemque minor truncam amnis Acarnan,
Sil. 3, 42; Val. Fl. 1, 582.—
(γ).
Poet., with inf.:
tanto certare minor,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 313:
heu Fatis Superi certare minores!
Sil. 5, 76.
III.
Sup.: mĭnĭmus, a, um (whence a new sup.:
minimissimus digitorum,
Arn. 5, 160; 166; cf., in the Gr., elachistotatos, from elachistos), very small, very little; least, smallest, etc.:
cum sit nihil omnino in rerum naturā minimum, quod dividi nequeat,
Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:
minimae tenuissimaeque res,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 169:
minima pars temporis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70:
quā minima altitudo fluminis erat,
id. B. G. 1, 8:
in maximā fortunā minima licentia est,
Sall. C. 51, 13:
vitia,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 69:
minimus digitulus,
the little finger, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 15; so,
minimus digitus,
Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 251.—Of age: minimus natu horum omnium, the youngest, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 58:
ex his omnibus natu minimus,
id. Clu. 38, 107:
Hiempsal, qui minimus ex illis erat,
Sall. J. 11, 3:
minimus filius,
Just. 42, 5, 6.—In specifications of value:
deos minimi facit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 35: Pe. Quanti emi potest minimo? Ep. Ad quadraginta fortasse eam posse emi minimo minis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110: Crispinus minimo me provocat, for a trifle (in a wager), Hor. S. 1, 4, 14 (minimo provocare dicuntur hi qui in responsione plus ipsi promittunt quam exigunt ab adversario, Schol.).—Prov.:
minima de malis,
of evils choose the least, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.—
With a negation emphatically: non minimo discrimine, i. e. maximo,
Suet. Aug. 25:
res non minimi periculi,
id. ib. 67:
ut nihil, ne pro minimis quidem, debeant,
Liv. 6, 41. —With gen.:
minimum firmitatis minimumque virium,
Cic. Lael. 13, 46:
minimum pedibus itineris confectum,
Liv. 44, 5:
unde minimum periculi erat,
id. 27, 15.— As adv. absol.:
praemia apud me minimum valent,
very little, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 56:
minimum distantia miror,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 72:
dormiebat minimum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:
medica secatur sexies per annos: cum minimum, quater,
at least, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 146:
quam minimum credula postero (diei),
as little as possible, Hor. C. 1, 11, 8:
ita fiunt omnes partes minimum octoginta et una,
at least, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 12:
quae (comprehensio) ex tribus minimum partibus constat,
Quint. 5, 10, 5:
in quo non minimum Aetolorum operā regii fugati atque in castra compulsi sunt,
chiefly, particularly, Liv. 33, 6, 6:
eae omnia novella sata corrumpunt, non minimum vites,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 18.—Hence, adv.
A.
Posit.: parvē, a little, slightly (very rare), Vitr. 9, 6.—
B.
Comp.: mĭnus, less:
aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too little... too much, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:
ne quid plus minusve faxit,
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21 (v. plus, under multus):
cum habeas plus, Pauperiem metuas minus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 93:
ne mea oratio, si minus de aliquo dixero, ingrata: si satis de omnibus, infinita esse videatur,
Cic. Sest. 50, 108:
metus ipsi per se minus valerent, nisi, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 72, 150:
minus multi,
not so many, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 138:
minus multum et minus bonum vinum,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
less good, not so good, Sall. C. 2, 6:
quia Libyes quam Gaetuli minus bellicosi,
Sall. J. 18, 12:
minus diu vivunt,
Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141.—Rarely with comp.:
minus admirabilior,
Flor. 4, 2, 46 Duker: quare milites Metelli sauciabantur multo minus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. Ov. M. 12, 554:
civilem admodum inter initia ac paulo minus quam privatum egit,
little less so than, nearly as much so as, Suet. Tib. 26:
dimidio minus,
Varr. R. R. 1, 22, 3.—With quam:
nec illa minus aut plus quam tu sapiat,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 28:
minus quam aequom erat feci,
id. Aul. 3, 2, 10:
respondebo tibi minus fortasse vehementer, quam abs te sum provocatus,
Cic. Planc. 30, 72.—With atque:
qui peccas minus atque ego?
Hor. S. 2, 7, 96.—And elliptically, without a particle of comparison:
minus quindecim dies sunt, quod, etc.,
less than fifteen days, not yet fifteen days, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 1:
madefactum iri minus XXX. diebus Graeciam sanguine,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:
minus quinquennium est, quod prodiere,
Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104:
cecidere duo milia haud minus peditum,
Liv. 42, 6:
cum centum et quinquaginta non minus adessent,
id. 42, 28; Varr. R. R. 2, 2 fin.:
ut ex suā cujusque parte ne minus dimidium ad Trebonium perveniret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 123:
ut antequam baccae legantur, ne minus triduum serenum fuerit,
Col. 12, 38, 6.—
2.
In partic.
a.
Non (haud) minus quam (atque), not less than, no less than, quite as:
exanimatus evolat ex senatu, non minus perturbato animo atque vultu, quam si, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 12, 28:
existumans non minus me tibi quam liberos carum fore,
Sall. J. 10, 1:
non minus nobis jucundi atque illustres sunt ii dies, quibus conservamur quam illi quibus nascimur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2; Quint. 2, 4, 8; 3, 7, 20:
laudibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,
Liv. 2, 60:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561.—
b.
Non (neque) minus, equally, and as well, also: haec res [p. 1311] non minus me male habet quam te, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 30: quae hominibus non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Ov. H. 19, 86:
neque minus assiduis fessa choreis,
also, Prop. 1, 3, 3.—
c.
Nihil minus, in replies, as a strong negation, by no means, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 45: Py. At tu apud nos hic mane, Dum redeat ipsa. Ch. Nihil minus, id. ib. 3, 3, 29:
nihil profecto minus,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: quid? a Tranione servo? Si. Multo id minus, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 20.—
d.
Minus minusque, minus et (ac) minus, less and less: mihi jam minus minusque obtemperat. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33:
jam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum,
Verg. A. 12, 616; Hor. C. 1, 25, 6:
minus et minus,
Ov. P. 2, 8, 73; id. H. 2, 129:
minus ac minus,
Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 26.—
3.
Transf., in a softened negation, not at all, by no means, not:
quod intellexi minus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 11:
nonnumquam ea quae praedicta sunt, minus eveniunt,
Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24.—Esp.:
si minus: monebo, si quem meministi minus,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 19:
Syracusis, si minus supplicio affici, at custodiri oportebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69:
quod si assecutus sum, gaudeo: sin minus, hoc me tamen consolor quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 1, 6 et saep.; so,
minus formido ne exedat,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 45. —
b.
Quo minus, also written as one word, quominus, that not, from, after verbs of hindering, preventing, as impedio, recuso, deterreo, etc., Ter. And. 1, 2, 26:
si te infirmitas valetudinis tenuit, quo minus ad ludos venires,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1; 7, 1, 6:
hiemem credo prohibuisse, quo minus de te certum haberemus, quid ageres,
id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:
deterrere aliquem, quo minus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:
stetisse per Trebonium, quo minus oppido potirentur, videbatur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 13 fin.; Quint. 12, 1, 16;
v. also quo. —Ante-class. also in the reverse order, minus quo: ne vereatur, minus jam quo redeat domum,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 8.—
C.
Sup., in two forms, parvissime (post-class.), and minime (class.), least, very little.
1.
par-vissĭmē:
memorare aliquid,
very briefly, with very few words, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 38. —
2.
mĭnĭmē, least of all, in the smallest degree, least, very little:
cum minime vellem, minimeque opus fuit,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 42:
cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Or. 66, 222:
mihi placebat Pomponius maxime, vel dicam minime displicebat,
id. Brut. 57, 207:
quod in miserrimis rebus minime miserum putabis, id facies,
id. Fam. 14, 13:
quod minime ad eos mercatores saepe commeant,
very rarely, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3; Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322.—Strengthened by quam:
si non decore, at quam minime dedecore facere possimus,
as little as possible, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114; by omnium and gentium:
ad te minime omnium pertinebat,
id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:
minime gentium,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 77:
heus, inquit, puer, arcesse Pamphilam,... illa exclamat, Minime gentium,
not for any thing in the world, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Ad. 3, 2, 44.—
B.
In partic.
a.
For minimum, saltem, at least:
is morbus erit longissimus minimeque annuus,
Cels. 2, 8 fin. Targ.:
pedes decem vel minime novem,
Col. 1, 6, 6:
sed id minime bis anno arari debet,
id. 5, 9, 12; id. Arb. 16, 3.—
b.
In replies, as an emphatic negative, by no means, not at all, not in the least, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 50: Ba. Sed cessas? Pa. Minime equidem:
nam hodie, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 16: M. An tu haec non credis? A. Minime vero, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: num igitur peccamus? Minime vos quidem. id. Att. 8, 9, 2:
minime, minime hercle vero!
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; so in discourse: minime multi (= quam paucissimi). Ter. Eun. prol. 2: minume irasci decet. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 27; Sall. C. 51, 13.—Strengthened by gentium (cf.supra): Nau. Meriton' hoc meo videtur factum? De. Minime gentium, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > parvissime
2 parvus

parvus, a, um, adj. (usual, irreg. comp. and sup.: mĭnor, mĭnĭmus.— Comp.:
volantum parviores,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 26.— Sup.: rictus parvissimus, Varr. ap. Non. 456, 10:
parvissima corpora,
Lucr. 1, 615; 621; 3, 199: minerrimus pro minimo dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 122 Müll.:
minimissimus,
Arn. 5, n. 8) [kindr. with paucus and Gr. pauros; cf., also, parum, parcus], little, small, petty, puny, inconsiderable (cf.: exiguus, minutus, brevis; in class. prose parvus is not used, like brevis, of stature, v. Auct. Her. 4, 33, 45).
I.
Posit.:
in parvis aut mediocribus rebus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:
quam parva sit terra, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 26; cf. id. ib. 6, 16, 16:
commoda parva ac mediocria,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1:
in parvum quendam et angustum locum concludi,
id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:
beneficium non parvum,
id. Caecin. 10, 26:
parvi pisciculi,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 123:
haec parva et infirma sunt,
id. Clu. 34, 94:
si parva licet componere magnis,
Verg. G. 4, 176:
merces,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 86:
sucus,
Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178 et saep.:
liberi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37;
so of children: salutaria appetant parvi,
the little ones, id. Fin. 3, 5, 16:
parva soror,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 15; cf.:
memini quae plagosum mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70:
operosa parvus Carmina fingo,
a little man, id. C. 4, 2, 31; Suet. Aug. 48:
a parvis didicimus: si in jus vocat, etc.,
when little, in childhood, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
puer in domo a parvo eductus,
from infancy, Liv. 1, 39 fin. —Of time, little, short, brief:
parvae consuetudinis Causa,
slight, short, Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; cf.:
in parvo tempore,
Lucr. 5, 106:
nox,
Luc. 4, 476:
vita,
id. 6, 806:
parvam fidem habere alicui,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117:
hic onus horret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 39:
homo parvo ingenio,
Plin. Ep. 6, 29:
parvum carmen,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 257:
hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,
both small and great, id. ib. 1, 3, 28.—With ref. to value or consequence, little, small, low, mean, etc.:
meam erus esse operam deputat parvi pretii,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1:
nil parvom aut humili modo, Nil mortale loquar,
Hor. C. 3, 25, 17:
et magnis parva mineris Falce recisurum simili te,
id. S. 1, 3, 122:
pretio parvo vendere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,
of little value, id. Off. 1, 22, 76:
parvi refert abs te jus dici diligenter, nisi, etc.,
it matters little, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 20.—Hence, parvi facere, aestimare, ducere, pendere, etc., to esteem lightly, care little for:
parvi ego illos facio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41:
parvi aestimo, si ego hic peribo,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 24:
quia parvi id duceret,
Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 29.—So, in abl.:
signa abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,
Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; so,
quanti emptus? parvo,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 156:
parvo stat magna potentia nobis,
Ov. M. 14, 493:
parvo contentus esse possum,
with little, Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; cf.:
vivitur parvo bene,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 13:
possim contentus vivere parvo,
Tib. 1, 1, 25:
agricolae prisci, fortes parvoque beati,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:
necessarium est parvo assuescere,
Sen. Ep. 123, 3: parvo, as an abl. of measure, with comp. (rarely;
perh. not ante-Aug.): ita ut parvo admodum plures caperentur,
a very little more, Liv. 10, 45, 11:
parvo brevius,
Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:
haud parvo junior,
Gell. 13, 2, 2.—So in designating time:
parvo post,
Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103:
parvo post tempore,
Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 1.—Of stature (late Lat. for brevis):
Zacchaeus staturā parvus erat,
Aug. Serm. 113, 3; id. in Psa. 143, 1.
II.
Comp.: mĭnor, us [cf. Gr. minus, minuthô], less, lesser, smaller, inferior:
quod in re majore valet, valeat in minore,
Cic. Top. 4, 23:
si ea pecunia non minor esset facta,
id. Leg. 2, 20, 51:
Hibernia dimidio minor quam Britannia,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13:
minus praedae quam speraverant fuit,
a smaller quantity, less, Liv. 4, 51:
sociis dimidio minus quam civibus datum,
id. 41, 13 fin.:
calceus... si minor (pede), uret,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43:
neve minor, neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula,
less than five acts, id. A. P. 189:
genibus minor,
i. e. down upon his knees, on his bended knees, id. Ep. 1, 12, 28; cf.:
minor in certamine longo,
worsted, id. ib. 1, 10, 35:
numero plures, virtute et honore minores,
inferior, id. ib. 2, 1, 183.— Absol.: minor, inferior in rank:
praevalidi ad injurias minorum elati,
Tac. A. 15, 20; Ov. P. 4, 7, 49; cf.:
sapiens uno minor est Jove,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106:
minor capitis, i. e. capiti deminutus,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: et sunt notitiā multa minora tuā, too trivial, = leviora, Ov. Tr. 2, 214:
dies sermone minor fuit,
too short for, id. P. 2, 10, 37:
infans Et minor igne rogi,
too young for, Juv. 15, 140.—With abl. of measure, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:
ut uno minus teste haberet?
id. ib. 2, 1, 57, §
149: bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt, me minus uno, Viribus,
i. e. eleven, Ov. M. 12, 554.—Of age:
qui minor est natu,
younger, Cic. Lael. 9, 32:
aliquot annis minor natu,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 61:
aetate minor,
Ov. M. 7, 499:
minor uno mense,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 40:
filia minor Ptolemaei regis,
the younger daughter, Caes. B. C. 3, 112:
minor viginti annis,
less than twenty years old, under twenty years of age, Dig. 30, 99, 1.— With gen.:
minor quam viginti quinque annorum natu, Praetor,
Dig. 4, 4, 1; id. ib. 50, 2, 6:
si pupilla minor quam viripotens nupserit,
id. ib. 36, 2, 30.—So, absol.: minor, a person under age (under five-and-twenty), a minor:
De minoribus,
Dig. 4, tit. 4:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
ib. 4, 4, 24:
si minor praetor vel consul jus dixerit, valebit,
ib. 42, 1, 57.— Poet., children, Sil. 2, 491.—Also, descendants, posterity, = posteri:
nunc fama, minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem,
Verg. A. 1, 532; so id. ib. 733; Prop. 2, 15, 47; Sil. 16, 44:
minorum gentium, v. gens.—In specifications of value: vendo meum non pluris quam ceteri, fortasse etiam minoris,
cheaper, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:
minoris pallium addicere placuit,
Petr. 14: omnia minoris aestimare, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:
(fidem suam) non minoris quam publicam ducebat,
Sall. J. 32, 5.—
(β).
Poet., with acc. respect.:
frontemque minor truncam amnis Acarnan,
Sil. 3, 42; Val. Fl. 1, 582.—
(γ).
Poet., with inf.:
tanto certare minor,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 313:
heu Fatis Superi certare minores!
Sil. 5, 76.
III.
Sup.: mĭnĭmus, a, um (whence a new sup.:
minimissimus digitorum,
Arn. 5, 160; 166; cf., in the Gr., elachistotatos, from elachistos), very small, very little; least, smallest, etc.:
cum sit nihil omnino in rerum naturā minimum, quod dividi nequeat,
Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:
minimae tenuissimaeque res,
id. de Or. 1, 37, 169:
minima pars temporis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 70:
quā minima altitudo fluminis erat,
id. B. G. 1, 8:
in maximā fortunā minima licentia est,
Sall. C. 51, 13:
vitia,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 69:
minimus digitulus,
the little finger, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 15; so,
minimus digitus,
Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 251.—Of age: minimus natu horum omnium, the youngest, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 58:
ex his omnibus natu minimus,
id. Clu. 38, 107:
Hiempsal, qui minimus ex illis erat,
Sall. J. 11, 3:
minimus filius,
Just. 42, 5, 6.—In specifications of value:
deos minimi facit,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 35: Pe. Quanti emi potest minimo? Ep. Ad quadraginta fortasse eam posse emi minimo minis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110: Crispinus minimo me provocat, for a trifle (in a wager), Hor. S. 1, 4, 14 (minimo provocare dicuntur hi qui in responsione plus ipsi promittunt quam exigunt ab adversario, Schol.).—Prov.:
minima de malis,
of evils choose the least, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.—
With a negation emphatically: non minimo discrimine, i. e. maximo,
Suet. Aug. 25:
res non minimi periculi,
id. ib. 67:
ut nihil, ne pro minimis quidem, debeant,
Liv. 6, 41. —With gen.:
minimum firmitatis minimumque virium,
Cic. Lael. 13, 46:
minimum pedibus itineris confectum,
Liv. 44, 5:
unde minimum periculi erat,
id. 27, 15.— As adv. absol.:
praemia apud me minimum valent,
very little, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 56:
minimum distantia miror,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 72:
dormiebat minimum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:
medica secatur sexies per annos: cum minimum, quater,
at least, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 146:
quam minimum credula postero (diei),
as little as possible, Hor. C. 1, 11, 8:
ita fiunt omnes partes minimum octoginta et una,
at least, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 12:
quae (comprehensio) ex tribus minimum partibus constat,
Quint. 5, 10, 5:
in quo non minimum Aetolorum operā regii fugati atque in castra compulsi sunt,
chiefly, particularly, Liv. 33, 6, 6:
eae omnia novella sata corrumpunt, non minimum vites,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 18.—Hence, adv.
A.
Posit.: parvē, a little, slightly (very rare), Vitr. 9, 6.—
B.
Comp.: mĭnus, less:
aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,
too little... too much, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:
ne quid plus minusve faxit,
id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21 (v. plus, under multus):
cum habeas plus, Pauperiem metuas minus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 93:
ne mea oratio, si minus de aliquo dixero, ingrata: si satis de omnibus, infinita esse videatur,
Cic. Sest. 50, 108:
metus ipsi per se minus valerent, nisi, etc.,
id. Div. 2, 72, 150:
minus multi,
not so many, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 138:
minus multum et minus bonum vinum,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
less good, not so good, Sall. C. 2, 6:
quia Libyes quam Gaetuli minus bellicosi,
Sall. J. 18, 12:
minus diu vivunt,
Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141.—Rarely with comp.:
minus admirabilior,
Flor. 4, 2, 46 Duker: quare milites Metelli sauciabantur multo minus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. Ov. M. 12, 554:
civilem admodum inter initia ac paulo minus quam privatum egit,
little less so than, nearly as much so as, Suet. Tib. 26:
dimidio minus,
Varr. R. R. 1, 22, 3.—With quam:
nec illa minus aut plus quam tu sapiat,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 28:
minus quam aequom erat feci,
id. Aul. 3, 2, 10:
respondebo tibi minus fortasse vehementer, quam abs te sum provocatus,
Cic. Planc. 30, 72.—With atque:
qui peccas minus atque ego?
Hor. S. 2, 7, 96.—And elliptically, without a particle of comparison:
minus quindecim dies sunt, quod, etc.,
less than fifteen days, not yet fifteen days, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 1:
madefactum iri minus XXX. diebus Graeciam sanguine,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:
minus quinquennium est, quod prodiere,
Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104:
cecidere duo milia haud minus peditum,
Liv. 42, 6:
cum centum et quinquaginta non minus adessent,
id. 42, 28; Varr. R. R. 2, 2 fin.:
ut ex suā cujusque parte ne minus dimidium ad Trebonium perveniret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 123:
ut antequam baccae legantur, ne minus triduum serenum fuerit,
Col. 12, 38, 6.—
2.
In partic.
a.
Non (haud) minus quam (atque), not less than, no less than, quite as:
exanimatus evolat ex senatu, non minus perturbato animo atque vultu, quam si, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 12, 28:
existumans non minus me tibi quam liberos carum fore,
Sall. J. 10, 1:
non minus nobis jucundi atque illustres sunt ii dies, quibus conservamur quam illi quibus nascimur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2; Quint. 2, 4, 8; 3, 7, 20:
laudibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,
Liv. 2, 60:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561.—
b.
Non (neque) minus, equally, and as well, also: haec res [p. 1311] non minus me male habet quam te, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 30: quae hominibus non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Ov. H. 19, 86:
neque minus assiduis fessa choreis,
also, Prop. 1, 3, 3.—
c.
Nihil minus, in replies, as a strong negation, by no means, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 45: Py. At tu apud nos hic mane, Dum redeat ipsa. Ch. Nihil minus, id. ib. 3, 3, 29:
nihil profecto minus,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: quid? a Tranione servo? Si. Multo id minus, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 20.—
d.
Minus minusque, minus et (ac) minus, less and less: mihi jam minus minusque obtemperat. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33:
jam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum,
Verg. A. 12, 616; Hor. C. 1, 25, 6:
minus et minus,
Ov. P. 2, 8, 73; id. H. 2, 129:
minus ac minus,
Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 26.—
3.
Transf., in a softened negation, not at all, by no means, not:
quod intellexi minus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 11:
nonnumquam ea quae praedicta sunt, minus eveniunt,
Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24.—Esp.:
si minus: monebo, si quem meministi minus,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 19:
Syracusis, si minus supplicio affici, at custodiri oportebat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69:
quod si assecutus sum, gaudeo: sin minus, hoc me tamen consolor quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 1, 6 et saep.; so,
minus formido ne exedat,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 45. —
b.
Quo minus, also written as one word, quominus, that not, from, after verbs of hindering, preventing, as impedio, recuso, deterreo, etc., Ter. And. 1, 2, 26:
si te infirmitas valetudinis tenuit, quo minus ad ludos venires,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1; 7, 1, 6:
hiemem credo prohibuisse, quo minus de te certum haberemus, quid ageres,
id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:
deterrere aliquem, quo minus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:
stetisse per Trebonium, quo minus oppido potirentur, videbatur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 13 fin.; Quint. 12, 1, 16;
v. also quo. —Ante-class. also in the reverse order, minus quo: ne vereatur, minus jam quo redeat domum,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 8.—
C.
Sup., in two forms, parvissime (post-class.), and minime (class.), least, very little.
1.
par-vissĭmē:
memorare aliquid,
very briefly, with very few words, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 38. —
2.
mĭnĭmē, least of all, in the smallest degree, least, very little:
cum minime vellem, minimeque opus fuit,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 42:
cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Or. 66, 222:
mihi placebat Pomponius maxime, vel dicam minime displicebat,
id. Brut. 57, 207:
quod in miserrimis rebus minime miserum putabis, id facies,
id. Fam. 14, 13:
quod minime ad eos mercatores saepe commeant,
very rarely, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3; Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322.—Strengthened by quam:
si non decore, at quam minime dedecore facere possimus,
as little as possible, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114; by omnium and gentium:
ad te minime omnium pertinebat,
id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:
minime gentium,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 77:
heus, inquit, puer, arcesse Pamphilam,... illa exclamat, Minime gentium,
not for any thing in the world, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Ad. 3, 2, 44.—
B.
In partic.
a.
For minimum, saltem, at least:
is morbus erit longissimus minimeque annuus,
Cels. 2, 8 fin. Targ.:
pedes decem vel minime novem,
Col. 1, 6, 6:
sed id minime bis anno arari debet,
id. 5, 9, 12; id. Arb. 16, 3.—
b.
In replies, as an emphatic negative, by no means, not at all, not in the least, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 50: Ba. Sed cessas? Pa. Minime equidem:
nam hodie, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 16: M. An tu haec non credis? A. Minime vero, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: num igitur peccamus? Minime vos quidem. id. Att. 8, 9, 2:
minime, minime hercle vero!
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; so in discourse: minime multi (= quam paucissimi). Ter. Eun. prol. 2: minume irasci decet. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 27; Sall. C. 51, 13.—Strengthened by gentium (cf.supra): Nau. Meriton' hoc meo videtur factum? De. Minime gentium, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > parvus
3 plus

c black plus [ply]

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1. negative adverb

2. comparative adverb

3. superlative adverb

4. conjunction

5. masculine noun

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► Lorsque plus fait partie d'une locution comme d'autant plus, non... plus, reportez-vous aussi à l'autre mot.

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1. <

► ne... plus not any more

• il ne la voit plus he doesn't see her any more

• il n'a plus à s'inquiéter maintenant he doesn't need to worry any more now

• je ne reviendrai plus/plus jamais I won't/I'll never come back again

• il n'a plus dit un mot he didn't say another word

• il n'est plus là he isn't here anymore

• elle n'est plus très jeune she's not as young as she used to be► plus de + nom

• elle ne veut plus de pain she doesn't want any more bread

• elle n'a plus d'argent she's got no money left

• il n'y a plus beaucoup de pain there's hardly any bread left

• t'as plus de pain ? (inf) haven't you got any bread left?► plus que ( = seulement)

il ne nous reste plus qu'à attendre all we've got to do now is wait

• il ne me reste plus qu'à vous dire au revoir it only remains for me to say goodbye

• plus que 5 km only another 5km► plus rien

• il n'y a plus rien there's nothing left

• on n'y voit presque plus rien you can hardly see anything now► plus aucun

• il n'a plus aucun ami he hasn't a single friend left

• il n'y a plus aucun espoir there's no hope left► plus personne

• il n'y a plus personne there's nobody left

• plus personne ne lit plus Boileau nobody reads Boileau these days

2. <

   a. (avec verbe) more

• il devrait lire plus he should read more

• vous travaillez plus que nous you work harder than us

• il ne gagne pas plus que vous he doesn't earn any more than you

   b. (avec adjectif ou adverbe court)

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► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est court (une ou deux syllabes), son comparatif se forme généralement avec la terminaison er.

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• ce fauteuil est plus large this chair is wider

• il court plus vite qu'elle he runs faster than her

• une heure plus tôt an hour earlier

• une heure plus tard an hour later

• elle n'est pas plus grande que sa sœur she isn't any taller than her sister

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► Lorsque l'adjectif se termine par y, son comparatif est formé avec ier.

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• elle est plus jolie she's prettier

• elle est plus bête she's sillier

• c'était plus drôle it was funnier

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► Lorsque l'adjectif n'a qu'une syllabe brève et se termine par une seule consonne, cette consonne est doublée.

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• il est plus gros he's bigger

• il est plus mince he's slimmer

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► Les mots de deux syllabes se terminant en ing, ed, s, ly forment leur comparatif avec more plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison er.

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• il est plus malin he's more cunning

• pour y arriver plus rapidement to get there more quickly

• prends-le plus doucement hold it more gently

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► Attention aux comparatifs irréguliers.

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• c'est plus loin it's further

• c'est plus grave it's worse

   c. (avec adjectif ou adverbe long)

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► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est long (au moins trois syllabes), son comparatif se forme généralement avec more plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison er.

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• il est plus compétent que moi he is more competent than me

• beaucoup plus facilement much more easily

   d. (locutions)

► plus de ( = davantage de) more ; ( = plus que) over

• plus de pain more bread

• il y aura beaucoup plus de monde demain there will be a lot more people tomorrow

• il y aura plus de 100 personnes there will be more than or over 100 people

• il roulait à plus de 100 km/h he was driving at more than or over 100km per hour

• les enfants de plus de 4 ans children over 4

• les plus de 30 ans the over 30s

• il n'y avait pas plus de 10 personnes there were no more than 10 people

• il est plus de 9 heures it's after 9 o'clock► à plus tard ! see you later!

► à plus ! (inf) see you later!

► plus que + adjectif ou adverbe

• un résultat plus qu'honorable a more than honourable result

• plus que jamais more than ever

• j'en ai plus qu'assez ! I've had more than enough of this!► de plus ( = en outre) (en tête de phrase) moreover

• c'est dangereux, de plus c'est illégal it's dangerous, and what's more, it's illegal

• elle a 10 ans de plus she's 10 years older

• il y a dix personnes de plus qu'hier there are ten more people than yesterday

• il me faut une heure de plus I need one more hour

• une fois de plus once again► de plus en plus more and more

• je l'admire de plus en plus I admire her more and more

• aller de plus en plus vite to go faster and faster

• de plus en plus drôle funnier and funnier► en plus ( = en supplément)

les frais d'envoi sont en plus postal charges are not included

• on nous a donné deux verres en plus we were given two extra glasses

• vous n'avez pas une chaise en plus ? you wouldn't have a spare chair?

• en plus de cela on top of that► en plus + adjectif

• il ressemble à sa mère, mais en plus blond he's like his mother only fairer

• je cherche le même genre de maison en plus grand I'm looking for the same kind of house only bigger► ... et plus

• les enfants de six ans et plus children aged six and over► ni plus ni moins

• il est compétent, mais ni plus ni moins que sa sœur he's competent, but neither more nor less so than his sister► plus... moins the more... the less

• plus on le connaît, moins on l'apprécie the more you get to know him, the less you like him► plus... plus the more... the more

• plus il en a, plus il en veut the more he has, the more he wants► plus ou moins ( = à peu près, presque) more or less

• plus ou moins réussi more or less successful

• à plus ou moins long terme sooner or later

• il supporte plus ou moins bien cette situation he just about puts up with the situation

• ils utilisent cette méthode avec plus ou moins de succès they use this method with varying degrees of success► qui plus est moreover

3. <

   a. ► le plus + verbe most

• ce qui m'a frappé le plus what struck me most

• ce qui les a le plus étonnés what surprised them the most

   b. ► le plus + adjectif ou adverbe court

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► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est court (une ou deux syllabes), son superlatif se forme avec la terminaison est.

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• c'est le plus grand peintre qui ait jamais vécu he is the greatest painter that ever lived

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► Lorsque l'adjectif se termine par y, son superlatif se forme avec la terminaison iest.

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• c'est la plus jolie she's the prettiest

• c'est la plus bête she's the silliest

• c'est le moment le plus drôle du film it's the funniest bit of the film

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► Lorsque l'adjectif n'a qu'une syllabe brève et se termine par une seule consonne, cette consonne est doublée.

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• c'est le plus gros he's the biggest

• c'est le plus mince he's the slimmest

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► Les mots de deux syllabes se terminant en ing, ed, s, ly forment leur superlatif avec most plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison est.

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• l'enfant le plus doué que je connaisse the most gifted child I know

• c'est la partie la plus ennuyeuse it's the most boring part

• c'est ce que j'ai de plus précieux it's the most precious thing I possess

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► Lorsque la comparaison se fait entre deux personnes ou deux choses, on utilise le comparatif au lieu du superlatif.

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• le plus petit des deux the smaller of the two

• le plus gentil des jumeaux the nicer of the twins

   c. ► le plus + adjectif ou adverbe long

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque l'adjectif ou l'adverbe est long (au moins trois syllabes), son superlatif se forme avec the most plutôt qu'en ajoutant la terminaison est.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• c'est le plus intéressant it's the most interesting

• la plus belle de toutes mes photos the most beautiful of all my photographs

• c'est la personne la plus désordonnée que je connaisse she's the untidiest person I know

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque la comparaison se fait entre deux personnes ou deux choses, on utilise le comparatif au lieu du superlatif.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• le plus beau des deux the more beautiful of the two

   d. ► le plus de + nom the most

• c'est le samedi qu'il y a le plus de monde Saturday is when there are most people

• ce qui m'a donné le plus de mal the thing I had most difficulty with

• celui qui a le plus de chances de gagner the one with the best chance of winning

   e. (locutions)

► le plus... possible

• pour y arriver le plus rapidement possible to get there as quickly as possible

• prends-en le plus possible take as much (or as many) as possible► au plus at the most

• ça vaut 100 € au plus it's worth 100 euros at the most

• tout au plus at the very most

• il a trente ans, tout au plus he's thirty at most

• rappelle-moi au plus vite call me back as soon as possible► des plus + adjectif

• une situation des plus embarrassantes a most embarrassing situation

4. <

plus

• deux plus deux font quatre two plus two make four

• tous les voisins, plus leurs enfants all the neighbours, plus their children

• il fait plus deux aujourd'hui it's plus two today

5. <

   a. (Mathematics) (signe) plus plus (sign)

c black   b. ( = avantage) plus

• ici, parler breton est un plus indéniable being able to speak Breton is definitely a plus here

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

✦ The s of plus is never pronounced when used in negatives, eg il ne la voit plus. When used in comparatives the s is generally pronounced s, eg il devrait lire plus, although there are exceptions, notably plus preceding an adjective or adverb, eg plus grand, plus vite. Before a vowel sound, the comparative plus is pronounced z, eg plus âgé.

* * *

I
1. ply, plys, plyz
préposition

8 plus 3 égale 11 — 8 and ou plus 3 equals 11

un dessert plus du café — a dessert and coffee (as well)

plus 10° — plus 10°

2.

adverbe de comparaison

1) ( modifiant un verbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif)

le plus — the most

je ne peux pas faire plus — I can do no more, I can't do any more

elle est plus que jolie — she's more than just pretty

elle mange deux fois plus que lui — she eats twice as much as he does

plus j'y pense, moins je comprends — the more I think about it, the less I understand

plus ça va — as time goes on

qui plus est — furthermore, what's more

quel pays aimes-tu le plus? — which country do you like best?

de plus en plus — more and more

2) ( modifiant un adjectif) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most

deux fois plus cher — twice as expensive ( que as)

c'est le même modèle en plus petit — it's the same model, only smaller

il est on ne peut plus désagréable — he's as unpleasant as can be

il est plus ou moins artiste — he's an artist of sorts

il a été plus ou moins poli — he wasn't particularly polite

ils étaient plus ou moins ivres — they were a bit drunk

un livre des plus intéressants — a most interesting book

de plus en plus difficile — more and more difficult

3) ( modifiant un adverbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most

trois heures plus tôt/tard — three hours earlier/later

deux fois plus longtemps — twice as long ( que as)

ils ne sont pas restés plus longtemps que nous — they didn't stay any longer than we did ou than us

il l'a fait plus ou moins bien — he didn't do it very well

de plus en plus loin — further and further

plus tu te coucheras tôt, moins tu seras fatigué — the earlier you go to bed, the less tired you'll be

3.

adverbe de négation

elle ne fume plus — she doesn't smoke any more ou any longer, she no longer smokes

plus jamais ça! — never again!

plus besoin de se presser — (colloq) there's no need to hurry any more

il n'y a plus d'œufs — there are no more eggs, there aren't any eggs left

j'entre dans le garage, plus de voiture! — I went into the garage, the car was gone!

il n'y a plus que lui qui puisse nous aider — only he can help us now

plus que trois jours avant Noël! — only three days left ou to go until Christmas!

4.

plus de déterminant indéfini

1) ( avec un nom dénombrable)

deux fois plus de livres que — twice as many books as

c'est lui qui a le plus de livres — he's got the most books

les gens qui posent le plus de problèmes — the people who pose the most problems

plus tu mangeras de bonbons, plus tu auras de caries — the more sweets GB ou candy US you eat, the more cavities you'll have

il y en a plus d'un qui voudrait être à sa place — quite a few people would like to be in his/her position

2) ( avec un nom non dénombrable)

je n'ai pas pris plus de crème que toi — I didn't take any more cream than you did, I took no more cream than you did

deux fois plus de vin — twice as much wine ( que as)

3) ( avec un numéral)

elle n'a pas plus de 50 disques — she has no more than 50 records

les gens de plus de 60 ans — people over 60

il était déjà bien plus de onze heures — it was already well past ou after eleven o'clock

5.

au plus locution adverbiale at the most

tout au plus — at the very most

6.

de plus locution adverbiale

1) ( en outre) furthermore, moreover, what's more

2) ( en supplément)

deux pommes de plus — two more apples

une fois de plus — once more, once again

9% de plus — 9% more

7.

en plus locution

en plus (de cela) — on top of that

le même modèle avec le toit ouvrant en plus — the same model, only with a sunroof

il a reçu 300 euros en plus de son salaire — he got 300 euros on top of his salary

les taxes en plus — plus tax, tax not included

II plys
nom masculin invariable

1) Mathématique plus

le signe plus — the plus sign

2) (colloq) ( avantage) plus (colloq)

••

plus I

A note on pronunciation

plus/le plus used in comparison (meaning more/the most) is pronounced [ply] before a consonant and [plyz] before a vowel. It is pronounced [plys] when at the end of a clause. In the plus de and plus que structures both [ply] and [plys] are generally used

plus used in ne plus (meaning no longer/not any more) is always pronounced [ply] except before a vowel, in which case it is pronounced [plyz]: il n'habite plus ici [plyzisi]

plus I

Formation du comparatif des adjectifs et des adverbes en anglais

Deux cas peuvent se présenter

1 adjectifs et adverbes courts

En règle générale on ajoute ‘-er’ à la fin de l'adjectif/adverbe: plus grand/petit/simple = taller/smaller/simpler; plus longtemps/vite = longer/faster

Remarques

- pour certains mots dont l'unique voyelle est une voyelle brève, on double la consonne finale: big/bigger, sad/sadder, dim/dimmer, wet/wetter etc

- attention aux adjectifs en ‘y’: sunny devient sunnier, pretty/prettier, happy/happier etc

2 adjectifs et adverbes longs

On ajoute more devant le mot: plus beau/compétent/intéressant = more beautiful/competent/interesting; plus facilement/sérieusement = more easily/seriously

Remarques

- certains mots de deux syllabes admettent les deux formes: simple peut produire simpler ou more simple, handsome/handsomer ou more handsome etc

- certains mots de deux syllabes n'admettent que la forme avec more: callous/more callous, cunning/more cunning

- les adverbes se terminant par ‘-ly’ n'admettent que la forme avec more: quickly/more quickly, slowly/more slowly etc

Formation du superlatif des adjectifs et des adverbes en anglais

Deux cas peuvent se présenter

1 adjectifs et adverbes courts

En règle générale on ajoute ‘(e)st’ à la fin du mot: le plus grand/petit/simple = the tallest/smallest/simplest; le plus longtemps/vite = the longest/fastest

Remarques

- pour certains mots dont l'unique voyelle est une voyelle brève, on double la consonne finale: big- the biggest, sad- the saddest, dim- the dimmest etc

- attention aux adjectifs en ‘y’: sunny devient the sunniest, pretty/the prettiest, happy/the happiest etc

2 adjectifs et adverbes longs

On ajoute the most devant le mot: le plus beau/compétent/intéressant = the most beautiful/competent/interesting; le plus facilement/sérieusement = the most easily/seriously

Remarques

- certains mots de deux syllabes admettent les deux formes: simple/the simplest ou the most simple, clever/the cleverest ou the most clever etc

- certains mots de deux syllabes n'admettent que la forme avec the most: callous/the most callous, cunning/the most cunning etc

- les adverbes en ‘-ly’ n'admettent que la forme avec the most: quickly/the most quickly, slowly/the most slowly etc

Attention: lorsque la comparaison ne porte que sur deux éléments on utilise la forme du comparatif: le plus doué des deux = the more gifted of the two; la voiture la plus rapide des deux = the faster car

L'expression le plus possible est traitée avec possible

On trouvera ci-contre exemples et exceptions illustrant les différentes fonctions de plus. On trouvera également des exemples de plus dans les notes d'usage. Voir l'index

* * *
ply, plys
1. adv

1) (négation)

ne... plus — no longer, not... any more

Il ne travaille plus ici. — He's no longer working here., He doesn't work here any more.

Je ne veux plus le voir. — I don't want to see him any more., I no longer want to see him.

ne plus avoir de qch; Je n'ai plus d'argent. — I've got no more money., I've got no money left

Je n'ai plus de pain. — I've got no bread left., I've got no more bread.

2) (comparatif: devant un adjectif) more

un peu plus difficile — a bit more difficult

Il fait un peu plus froid qu'hier. — It's a bit colder than yesterday.

plus grand — bigger

Elle est plus grande que moi. — She's bigger than me.

plus intelligent — more intelligent

Il est plus intelligent que son frère. — He's more intelligent than his brother.

3) (comparaison: non suivi d'un adjectif)

plus que — more than

Il travaille plus. — He works more.

Il travaille plus que moi. — He works more than me.

4)

plus de; Il nous faut plus de pain. — We need more bread.

plus de 3 heures — more than 3 hours, over 3 hours

Il y avait plus de dix personnes. — There were more than 10 people.

plus de minuit — after midnight, past midnight

5)

de plus; Il a 3 ans de plus que moi. — He's 3 years older than me.

Le voyage a pris trois heures de plus que prévu. — The journey took 3 hours longer than planned.

Il nous faut un joueur de plus. — We need one more player.

6)

en plus; 3 kilos en plus — 3 kilos more

J'ai apporté quelques gâteaux en plus. — I brought a few more cakes.

en plus de; Deux personnes sont arrivées en plus de celles qui étaient déjà là. — Two more people came, in addition to those already there.

7)

plus... plus... — the more... the more...

Plus il gagne d'argent, plus il en veut. — The more money he earns, the more he wants.

8)

de plus en plus de — more and more

Il y a de plus en plus de touristes par ici. — There are more and more tourists round here.

de plus en plus (suivi d'un adjectif) Il fait de plus en plus chaud. — It's getting hotter and hotter.

9)

ni plus ni moins — no more, no less

10) (superlatif)

le plus; la plus; les plus — the most

le plus intelligent — the most intelligent

le plus grand — the biggest

C'est le plus grand de la famille. — He's the tallest in his family., (sans adjectif, modifiant un verbe)

C'est ce qu'elle aime le plus. — That's what she likes most.

11) (autres locutions)

de plus — what's more, moreover

en plus de cela... — what is more...

tout au plus — at the very most

plus ou moins — more or less

qui plus est — what is more

2. conj

Quatre plus deux égalent six. — 4 plus 2 is 6.

3. nm

(= avantage) plus

* * *

I.

plus ⇒ Note d'usage

A prép

1 ( dans une addition) 8 plus 3 égale 11 8 and 3 equals 11, 8 plus 3 equals 11; on nous a servi du fromage, un dessert plus du café we were served cheese, a dessert and coffee (as well);

2 ( pour exprimer une valeur) un jour il faisait moins 5°, le lendemain plus 10° one day it was minus 5°, the next plus 10°.

B adv de comparaison

1 ( modifiant un verbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) le plus the most; il mange/travaille plus (que moi) he eats/works more (than I do ou than me); tu devrais demander plus you should ask for more; je ne peux pas faire plus I can do no more, I can't do any more, I can't do more than that; elle en sait plus que lui sur le sujet she knows more about the subject than he does; c'est plus que je ne peux supporter it's more than I can bear; elle l'aime plus que tout she loves him/her more than anything; il est plus à plaindre qu'autre chose he's more to be pitied than anything else; c'est plus que bien it's more than just good; elle est plus que jolie she's more than just pretty; il a fait plus que l'embaucher, il l'a aussi formé he did more than just hire him, he also trained him; j'en ai plus qu'assez I've had more than enough; elle mange deux fois/trois fois plus que lui she eats twice/three times as much as he does; plus je gagne, plus je dépense the more I earn, the more I spend; plus j'y pense, moins je comprends the more I think about it, the less I understand; plus ça va as time goes on; qui plus est furthermore, what's more; c'est lui qui m'a le plus appris he's the one who taught me the most; quel pays aimes-tu le plus? which country do you like best?; de plus en plus more and more; il fume de plus en plus he smokes more and more;

2 ( modifiant un adjectif) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most; deux fois plus vieux/cher twice as old/expensive (que as); trois/quatre fois plus cher three/four times as expensive (que as); il n'est pas plus riche que moi he's no richer than I am ou than me, he isn't any richer than I am ou than me; c'est le même modèle en plus petit it's the same model, only smaller; il est on ne peut plus gentil/désagréable he's as nice/unpleasant as can be; il est plus ou moins fou he's more or less insane; il est plus ou moins artiste he's an artist of sorts; la cuisine était plus ou moins propre the kitchen wasn't particularly clean, the kitchen was clean after a fashion; il a été plus ou moins poli he wasn't particularly polite; ils étaient plus ou moins ivres they were a bit drunk; le plus heureux des hommes the happiest of men; la plus belle de toutes the most beautiful of all; mon vœu le plus cher my dearest wish; l'arbre le plus gros que j'aie jamais vu the biggest tree I've ever seen; son livre le plus court his shortest book; c'est ce qu'il y a de plus beau/important au monde it's the most beautiful/important thing in the world; un livre des plus intéressants a most interesting book; un individu des plus méprisables a most despicable individual; de plus en plus difficile more and more difficult; de plus en plus chaud hotter and hotter;

3 ( modifiant un adverbe) ( comparatif) more; ( superlatif) most; trois heures plus tôt/tard three hours earlier/later; deux fois plus longtemps twice as long (que as); trois/quatre fois plus longtemps three/four times as long (que as); ils ne sont pas restés plus longtemps que nous they didn't stay any longer than we did ou than us; il l'a fait plus ou moins bien he didn't do it very well; de plus en plus loin further and further; plus tu te coucheras tard, plus tu auras de mal à te lever the later you go to bed, the harder it'll be for you to get up; plus tu te coucheras tôt, moins tu seras fatigué the earlier you go to bed, the less tired you'll be; c'est moi qui y vais le plus souvent I go there the most often; ça s'est passé le plus simplement/naturellement du monde it happened quite simply/naturally.

C adv de négation elle ne fume plus she doesn't smoke any more ou any longer, she no longer smokes, she's given up smoking; il n'habite plus ici he no longer lives here, he doesn't live here any more ou any longer; le grand homme n'est plus the great man is no more; elle ne veut plus le voir she doesn't want to see him any more ou any longer, she no longer wants to see him; il a décidé de ne plus y aller he decided to stop going there; je ne veux plus en entendre parler I don't want to hear any more about it; il n'y est plus (jamais) retourné he never went back there (again); plus jamais ça! never again!; nous ne faisons plus ce modèle we no longer do this model, we don't do this model any more ou any longer; il n'a plus vingt ans ( il n'est plus très jeune) he's not twenty any more, he's no longer twenty; nous n'avons plus d'espoir we've no more hope, we no longer have any hope, we've given up hoping; plus besoin de se presser○ there's no longer any need to hurry, there's no more need to hurry, there's no need to hurry any more; il n'y a plus de pain/d'œufs there is no more bread/there are no more eggs, there isn't any bread left/there aren't any eggs left; je ne veux plus de vin I don't want any more wine; il n'y a plus rien there's nothing left; plus rien ne m'intéresse nothing interests me any more; je ne voyais plus rien I could no longer see anything, I couldn't see a thing any more; il n'y a plus personne dans la pièce there's nobody left in the room, there's no longer anybody in the room; il n'y a plus aucun crayon there aren't any pencils left, there are no more pencils; il n'y a plus aucun problème there's no longer any problem; ce n'est plus du courage, c'est de la folie it's no longer bravery, it's foolhardiness; j'entre dans le garage, plus de voiture○! I went into the garage, the car was gone○!; ce n'est plus qu'une question de jours it's only a matter of days now; il n'y a plus qu'une solution there's only one solution left; il ne restait plus que quelques bouteilles there were only a few bottles left, there was nothing left but a few bottles; il n'y a plus que lui qui puisse nous aider only he can help us now; plus que trois jours avant les vacances! only three days left ou to go until the vacation!; nous n'avons plus qu'à rentrer à la maison all we can do now is go home; il ne me reste plus qu'à vous remercier it only remains for me to thank you.

D plus de dét indéf

1 ( avec un nom dénombrable) trois/deux fois plus de livres/verres que three times/twice as many books/glasses as; c'est là que j'ai vu le plus de serpents that's where I saw the most snakes; c'est lui qui a le plus de livres he's got the most books; le joueur qui a le plus de chances de gagner the player who is most likely to win; les jeunes qui posent le plus de problèmes the young people who pose the most problems; c'est le candidat qui a remporté le plus de voix he's the candidate who won the most votes; plus tu mangeras de bonbons, plus tu auras de caries the more sweets GB ou candy US you eat, the more cavities you'll have; il y en a plus d'un qui voudrait être à sa place quite a few people would like to be in his/her position;

2 ( avec un nom non dénombrable) je n'ai pas pris plus de crème que toi I didn't take any more cream than you did, I took no more cream than you did; il n'a pas plus d'imagination que sa sœur he has no more imagination than his sister, he hasn't got any more imagination than his sister; trois/deux fois plus de vin/talent three times/twice as much wine/talent (que as); le joueur qui a gagné le plus d'argent the player who won the most money;

3 ( avec un numéral) elle ne possède pas plus de 50 disques she has no more than 50 records; une foule de plus de 10 000 personnes a crowd of more than ou over 10,000 people; il a plus de 40 ans he's over 40, he's more than 40 years old; les gens de plus de 60 ans people over 60; les plus de 60 ans the over-sixties; il était déjà bien plus de onze heures/midi it was already well past ou after eleven o'clock/midday.

E au plus loc adv at the most; tout au plus at the very most, at the outside.

F de plus loc adv

1 ( en outre) furthermore, moreover, what's more;

2 ( en supplément) j'ai mangé deux pommes de plus qu'elle I ate two apples more than she did; donnez-moi deux pommes de plus give me two more apples; ça nous a pris deux heures de plus que la dernière fois it took us two hours longer than last time; j'ai besoin de deux heures de plus I need two more hours; il a trois ans de plus que sa sœur he's three years older than his sister; une fois de plus once more, once again; l'augmentation représente 9% de plus que l'année précédente the rise is 9% more than last year.

G en plus loc en plus (de cela) on top of that; il est arrivé en retard et en plus (de cela) il a commencé à se plaindre he arrived late and what' s more ou on top of that he started complaining; c 'est le même modèle avec le toit ouvrant en plus it's the same model, only with a sunroof; c'est tout le portrait de son père, la moustache en plus he's the image of his father, only with a moustache GB ou mustache US; il a reçu 100 euros en plus de son salaire habituel he got 100 euros on top of his usual salary; en plus de son métier d'ingénieur il élève des tatous besides his job as an engineer, he breeds armadillos; les taxes en plus plus tax, tax not included; il s'est passé quelque chose en plus something else happened as well. A note on pronunciation: plus/le plus used in comparison (meaning more/the most) is pronounced [ply] before a consonant and [plyz] before a vowel. It is pronounced [plys] when at the end of a clause. In the plus de and plus que structures both [ply] and [plys] are generally used. plus used in ne plus (meaning no longer/not any more) is always pronounced [ply] except before a vowel, in which case it is pronounced [plyz]: il n'habite plus ici [plyzisi].

II.

plus nm

1 Math plus; le signe plus the plus sign;

2 ○( avantage) plus○; son expérience d'enseignant constitue un plus pour lui his teaching experience is a point in his favour^GB ou is a plus○.

[ply(s)] adverbe

A.[COMPARATIF DE SUPÉRIORITÉ]

1. [suivi d'un adverbe, d'un adjectif]

viens plus souvent (do) come more often

plus tôt earlier

plus tard later

c'est plus loin it's further ou farther

tu es plus patient que moi you're more patient than I am ou than me

c'est plus fatigant qu'on ne le croit it's more tiring than it seems

c'est plus rouge qu'orange it's red rather than ou it's more red than orange

elle est plus réservée que timide she's reserved rather than shy

c'est plus que gênant it's embarrassing, to say the least

on a obtenu des résultats plus qu'encourageants our results were more than encouraging

elle a eu le prix mais elle n'en est pas plus fière pour ça she got the award, but it didn't make her any prouder for all that

je veux la même, en plus large I want the same, only bigger

bien plus gros much fatter

encore plus beau more handsome still, even more handsome

cinq fois plus cher five times dearer ou as dear ou more expensive

il l'a fait deux fois plus vite (qu'elle) he did it twice as quickly (as she did)

2. [avec un verbe] more

j'apprécie plus son frère I like his brother more ou better

je m'intéresse à la question plus que tu ne penses I'm more interested in the question than you think

je ne peux vous en dire plus I can't tell you any more

3. (avec un nom)

cela représente plus qu'une simple victoire it means more than just a victory

B.[SUPERLATIF DE SUPÉRIORITÉ]

1. [suivi d'un adverbe, d'un adjectif]

le plus loin the furthest ou farthest

la montagne la plus haute the highest mountain

j'ai répondu le plus gentiment que j'ai pu I answered as kindly as I could

j'y vais le plus rarement possible I go there as seldom as possible

le plus souvent most of the time

tu es le plus gentil de tous you're the kindest of all

un de ses tableaux les plus connus one of her best-known paintings

le plus gros des deux the bigger of the two

le plus gros des trois the biggest of the three

c'est ce qu'il y a de plus original dans sa collection d'été it's the most original feature of his summer collection

choisis les fruits les plus mûrs possible select the ripest possible fruit

faites au plus vite do it as quickly as possible

aller au plus pressé ou urgent to deal with the most urgent priority first

2. [précédé d'un verbe] most

c'est moi qui travaille le plus I'm the one who works most ou the hardest

faites-en le plus possible do as much as you can

C.[ADVERBE DE NÉGATION]

1. [avec 'ne']

je n'y retournerai plus I won't go back there any more

je ne les vois plus I don't see them any more

2. [tour elliptique]

plus de no more

plus de glace pour moi, merci no more ice cream for me, thanks

plus de tergiversations! let's not shilly-shally any longer!

plus un mot! not another word!

————————

[ply(s)] adjectif

B plus ÉDUCATION B plus

H plus CHIMIE H plus

————————

[ply(s)] conjonction

1. MATHÉMATIQUES plus

3 plus 3 égale 6 3 plus 3 is ou makes 6

il fait plus 5º it's 5º above freezing, it's plus 5º

2. [en sus de] plus

le transport, plus le logement, plus la nourriture, ça revient cher travel, plus ou and accommodation, plus ou then food, (all) work out quite expensive

plus le fait que... plus ou together with the fact that...

————————

[ply(s)] nom masculin

1. MATHÉMATIQUES plus (sign)

2. [avantage, atout] plus, bonus, asset

la connaissance de l'anglais est toujours un plus knowledge of English is always a plus

au plus locution adverbiale

[au maximum] at the most ou outside

ça coûtera au plus 30 euros it'll cost a maximum of 30 euros ou 30 euros at most

il y a 15 km au plus it's 15 km at the outside

de plus locution adverbiale

1. [en supplément] extra, another, more

mets deux couverts de plus lay two extra ou more places

raison de plus pour y aller all the more reason for going

je ne veux rien de plus I don't want anything more

il est content, que te faut-il de plus? he's happy, what more do you want?

un mot/une minute de plus et je m'en allais another word/minute and I would have left

10 euros de plus ou de moins, quelle différence? 10 euros either way, what difference does it make?

2. [en trop] too many

en recomptant, je trouve trente points de plus on adding it up again, I get thirty points too many

3. [en outre] furthermore, what's more, moreover

de plus, il m'a menti what's more, he lied to me

de plus en plus locution adverbiale

1. [suivi d'un adjectif] more and more, increasingly

[suivi d'un adverbe] more and more

de plus en plus souvent more and more often

de plus en plus dangereux more and more ou increasingly dangerous

ça devient de plus en plus facile/compliqué it's getting easier and easier/more and more complicated

le ciel devenait de plus en plus sombre the sky was growing darker and darker

2. [précédé d'un verbe]

les prix augmentent de plus en plus prices are increasing all the time

de plus en plus de locution déterminante

[suivi d'un nom comptable] more and more, a growing number of

[suivi d'un nom non comptable] more and more

de plus en plus de gens more and more people, an increasing number of people

il y a de plus en plus de demande pour ce produit demand for this product is increasing, there is more and more demand for this product

elle a de plus en plus de fièvre her temperature is rising

des plus locution adverbiale

most

son attitude est des plus compréhensibles her attitude is most ou quite understandable

en plus locution adverbiale

1. [en supplément] extra (avant nom)

c'est le même appartement avec un balcon en plus it's the same flat with a balcony as well

les boissons sont en plus drinks are extra, you pay extra for the drinks

ça fait 45 minutes de transport en plus it adds 45 minutes to the journey

10 euros en plus ou en moins, quelle différence? 10 euros either way, what difference does it make?

[en trop] spare

tu n'as pas des tickets en plus? do you have any spare tickets?

j'ai une carte en plus

a. [à la fin du jeu] I've got one card left over

b. [en distribuant] I've got one card too many

[en cadeau] as well, on top of that

et vous emportez une bouteille de champagne en plus! and you get a bottle of Champagne as well ou on top of that ou into the bargain!

2. [en outre] further, furthermore, what's more

elle a une excellente technique et en plus, elle a de la force her technique's first-class and she's got strength too

mais c'est qu'elle est méchante en plus! (familier) and she's nasty to cap it all ou to boot!

et elle m'avait menti, en plus! not only that but she'd lied to me (as well)!

3. [d'ailleurs] besides, what's more, moreover

je ne tiens pas à le faire et, en plus, je n'ai pas le temps I'm not too keen on doing it, and besides ou what's more, I've no time

en plus de locution prépositionnelle

[en supplément de] besides, on top of, in addition to

en plus du squash, elle fait du tennis besides (playing) squash, she plays tennis

et plus locution adverbiale

over

45 kilos et plus over 45 kilos, 45 odd kilos

les gens de 30 ans et plus people aged 30 and over

ni plus ni moins locution adverbiale

no more no less, that's all

je te donne une livre, ni plus ni moins I'll give you one pound, no more no less

tu t'es trompé, ni plus ni moins you were mistaken, that's all

non plus locution adverbiale

moi non plus je n'irai pas I won't go either

je ne sais pas — moi non plus! I don't know — neither do I ou nor do I ou me neither!

on ne peut plus locution adverbiale

je suis on ne peut plus désolé de vous voir partir I'm ever so sorry you're leaving

c'est on ne peut plus compliqué it couldn't be more complicated

plus de locution déterminante

1. [comparatif, suivi d'un nom] more

nous voulons plus d'autonomie! we want more autonomy!

je n'ai pas plus de courage qu'elle I'm no braver than she is ou her

[suivi d'un nombre] more than, over

il y a plus de 15 ans de cela it's more than 15 years ago now

elle a bien plus de 40 ans she's well over 40

elle roulait à plus de 150 km/h she was driving at more than 150 km/h ou doing over 150 km/h

il y en a plus d'un qui s'est plaint more than one person complained

il est plus de 5 h it's past 5 o'clock ou after 5

2. [superlatif, suivi d'un nom]

le plus de (the) most

c'est ce qui m'a fait le plus de peine that's what hurt me (the) most

c'est notre équipe qui a le plus de points our team has (the) most points

celui qui a le plus de chances de réussir the one (who's the) most likely to succeed

le plus possible de: le plus possible de cerises as many cherries as possible

le plus d'argent possible as much money as possible

(comme nom)

les plus de 20 ans people over 20, the over-20s

plus... moins locution correlative

the more... the less

plus il vieillit, moins il a envie de sortir the older he gets, the less he feels like going out

plus ça va, moins je la comprends I understand her less and less (as time goes on)

plus... plus locution correlative

the more... the more

plus je réfléchis, plus je me dis que... the more I think (about it), the more I'm convinced that...

plus ça va, plus il est agressif he's getting more and more aggressive (all the time)

plus ça va, plus je me demande si... the longer it goes on, the more I wonder if...

plus ou moins locution adverbiale

more or less

c'est plus ou moins cher, selon les endroits prices vary according to where you are

je ne l'ai que plus ou moins cru I only half believed him

qui plus est locution adverbiale

what's ou what is more

sans plus locution adverbiale

nothing more

c'était bien, sans plus it was nice, but nothing more

tout au plus locution adverbiale

at the most

c'est une mauvaise grippe, tout au plus it's a bad case of flu, at the most

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > plus

4 ten

ten

► locución ten con ten

1 familiar caution, moderation

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

tener mucho ten con ten familiar to be very careful/cautious

* * *

ver tener

* * *

see tener

* * *

see tener

* * *

ten

tener

* * *

Del verbo tener: ( conjugate tener)

ten es:

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
ten
tener
ten see
◊ tener

tener ( conjugate tener) verbo transitivo El uso de `got' en frases como `I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Este prefiere la forma `I have a new dress'
1
a) (poseer, disponer de) ‹dinero/trabajo/tiempo› to have;

◊ ¿tienen hijos? do they have any children?, have they got any children?;

no tenemos pan we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread;
tiene el pelo largo she has o she's got long hair
b) ( llevar encima) ‹lápiz/cambio› to have;

◊ ¿tiene hora? have you got the time?

c) (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to have;

◊ tengo invitados a cenar I have o I've got some people coming to dinner;

tengo cosas que hacer I have o I've got things to do
d) ( dar a luz) ‹bebé/gemelos› to have

2
a) (señalando características, tamaño) to be;

◊ la casa tiene mucha luz the house is very light;

tiene un metro de largo it is one meter long;
le lleva 15 años — ¿y eso qué tiene? (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is — so what does that matter?
b) ( señalando edad) to be;

◊ ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?;

tengo veinte años I'm twenty (years old)
3
a) (sujetar, sostener) to hold;

◊ tenlo derecho hold it upright

b) ( tomar):

◊ ten la llave take o here's the key

4
a) ( sentir):

◊ tengo hambre/frío I'm hungry/cold;

le tengo mucho cariño I'm very fond of him;
tengo el placer de … it gives me great pleasure to …
b) ( refiriéndose a enfermedades) ‹gripe/cáncer› to have;

◊ tengo dolor de cabeza I have o I've got a headache

c) ( refiriéndose a experiencias) ‹discusión/accidente› to have;

◊ que tengas buen viaje have a good trip

5 ( refiriéndose a actitudes):
◊ ten más respeto have a little more respect;

ten paciencia/cuidado be patient/careful;
tiene mucho tacto he's very tactful
6 (indicando estado, situación):
◊ la mesa tiene una pata rota one of the table legs is broken;

tengo las manos sucias my hands are dirty;
tienes el cinturón desabrochado your belt's undone;
me tiene muy preocupada I'm very worried about it
ten v aux
1 ten que hacer algo
a) (expresando obligación, necesidad) to have (got) to do sth;

◊ tengo que estudiar hoy I have to o I must study today;

tienes que comer más you ought to eat more
b) (expresando propósito, recomendación):

◊ tenemos que ir a ver esa película we must go and see that movie;

tendrías que llamarlo you should ring him
c) ( expresando certeza):

◊ tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawer;

¡tú tenías que ser! it had to be you!
2 ( con participio pasado):
◊ tengo entendido que sí viene I understand he is coming;

te tengo dicho que … I've told you before (that) …;
teníamos pensado irnos hoy we intended leaving today
3 (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo):
◊ tienen tres años de casados they've been married for three years;

tenía un año sin verlo she hadn't seen him for a year
tenerse verbo pronominal ( sostenerse):
◊ no podía tense en pie he couldn't stand;

no tense de sueño to be dead on one's feet
ten m fam ten con ten, tact
tener
I verbo transitivo
1 (poseer, disfrutar) to have, have got: tengo muy buena memoria, I have a very good memory
no tiene coche, he hasn't got a car
tiene dos hermanas, he has two sisters
tiene mucho talento, he's very talented
no tenemos suficiente dinero, we don't have enough money
(ser dueño de) to own: tiene una cadena de hoteles, he owns a chain of hotels ➣ Ver nota en have 2 (contener) to contain: esta bebida no tiene alcohol, this drink doesn't contain alcohol
3 (asir, sujetar) to hold: la tenía en brazos, she was carrying her in her arms
4 (hospedar) tiene a su suegra en casa, his mother-in-law is staying with them
5 (juzgar, considerar) la tengo por imposible, I regard her as a hopeless case
nos tienen por tontos, they think we are stupid
tenlo por seguro, you can be sure
6 (pasar el tiempo de cierta manera) to have: he tenido un día espantoso, I've had a dreadful day
7 (padecer, sentir) tiene celos, he's jealous
tengo hambre/sed, I'm hungry/thirsty
ten paciencia conmigo, be patient with me
tengo un dolor de cabeza terrible, I have a terrible headache
8 (profesar) to have: me tiene cariño, he is very fond of me
no le tengo ningún respeto, I have no respect for him
9 (años, tiempo) to be: el bebé tiene ocho días, the baby is eight days old
(medidas) la cama tiene metro y medio de ancho, the bed is one and a half metres wide
10 (mantener) to keep: no sabe tener la boca cerrada, she can't keep her mouth shut
nos tuvo dos horas esperando, he kept us waiting for two hours
tiene su habitación muy ordenada, he keeps his room very tidy
me tiene preocupada, I'm worried about him
11 ( tener que + infinitivo) tengo que hacerlo, I must do it
tienes que tomarte las pastillas, you have to take your pills
tendrías que habérselo dicho, you ought to have told her ➣ Ver nota en must
II verbo aux to have: mira que te lo tengo dicho veces, I've told you time and time again
Tener tiene dos traducciones básicas: to have o to have got. Esta segunda se usa casi únicamente para expresar posesión y solo en el presente: Tengo un coche nuevo. I have got a new car.
La primera se usa en sentido más general: Va a tener un problema. He's going to have a problem. Recuerda que la forma interrogativa de I have got es have I got?, mientras que la forma interrogativa de I have es do I have?
Cuando tener significa sentir, se traduce por el verbo to be: Tengo hambre. I am hungry.

' ten' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
árbitra
- arbitrar
- arbitraje
- árbitro
- así
- cada
- cancha
- cariño
- ciento
- cristalera
- decaer
- decena
- decenio
- desembolso
- diez
- dividendo
- el
- empezar
- falta
- friolera
- igual
- inclusive
- irse
- judoka
- juego
- llevarse
- más
- ocurrirse
- ojo
- pausa
- piso
- por
- producción
- razón
- salida
- seguridad
- set
- soler
- tabla
- tener
- ventilar
- Y
- yudoka
- a
- boliche
- bolo
- caber
- cabida
- cuenta
- dicho
English:
ace
- advantage
- ago
- almost
- ammunition
- amortize
- anonymous
- antenna
- apart
- approximate
- at
- attention
- attention span
- be
- borrow
- break
- by
- care
- careful
- come along
- come up
- comprise
- count out
- day
- deduct
- detention
- deuce
- discount
- double
- down
- fast
- for
- foreman
- funnel
- gain
- game
- gangrenous
- here
- hog
- hundred
- hypertension
- into
- lease
- less
- lieutenant
- minus
- multiply
- nine
- now
- o'clock

* * *

ten¹ ver tener

ten² nm

Comp

ten con ten: tener ten con ten [tacto] to be tactful

* * *

ten

vb → tener

* * *

ten tener

Spanish-English dictionary > ten

5 pasar

v.

1 to pass.

¿me pasas la sal? would you pass me the salt?

le paso (con él) I'll put you through (to him) (al teléfono)

pasar algo por to pass something through (filtrar)

Pasaron dos horas Two hours went by.

Yo paso a María I pass Mary (I overtake Mary)

Un carro pasa A car goes by

Me pasó una cuchara He=she passed me a spoon (She passed a spoon to me)

Por fin pasé! I passed at last!

2 to cross.

pasar la calle to cross the road

pasé el río a nado I swam across the river

3 to go through.

pasar un semáforo en rojo to go through a red light

4 to pass, to go.

pasó por mi lado he passed by my side

el autobús pasa por mi casa the bus goes past o passes in front of my house

el Manzanares pasa por Madrid the Manzanares goes o passes through Madrid

he pasado por tu calle I went down your street

pasar de… a… to go o pass from… to…

pasar de largo to go by

5 to go/come in.

pasen por aquí, por favor come this way, please

¡pase! come in!

6 to go.

por ahí no pasa it won't go through there

7 to go by.

pasaron tres meses three months went by

8 to go through, to experience.

pasar frío/miedo to be cold/scared

pasarlo bien to enjoy oneself, to have a good time

pasarlo mal to have a hard time of it

pasarlas canutas (informal) to have a rough time

Pasé un gran susto I experienced a great scare.

9 to show in (llevar adentro).

el criado nos pasó al salón the butler showed us into the living room

10 to show (Cine).

11 to spend (time).

pasó dos años en Roma he spent two years in Rome

¿dónde vas a pasar las vacaciones? where are you going on holiday?, where are you going to spend your holidays?

Yo paso las horas cantando I pass the hours away singing (spend the time...)

12 to pop in (ir un momento).

pasaré por mi oficina/por tu casa I'll pop into my office/round to your place

13 to happen.

¿qué pasa aquí? what's going on here?

¿qué pasa? what's the matter?

¿qué le pasa? what's wrong with him?, what's the matter with him?

pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may

Algo pasó Something happened=came to pass.

14 to be over.

ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over now

pasó la Navidad Christmas is over

Pasé muy feliz en la fiesta I was very happy at the party.

15 to be all right, to be usable.

puede pasar it'll do

16 to go away.

Pasó el mal tiempo the bad weather went away.

17 to come in, to step in.

El policía pasó The policeman came in.

18 to happen to, to occur to.

Me pasó algo cómico Something funny happened to me..

19 to keep on, to keep, to carry on.

Ella pasa bailando todo el tiempo She keeps on dancing all the time.

20 to skip, to pass.

Pase ese capítulo Skip that chapter,.

21 to blow over, to blow itself out, to calm down.

La tormenta pasó The storm blew over.

* * *

pasar

► verbo intransitivo

1 (ir) to pass, pass by, go

■ pasaba por ahí cuando sucedió el accidente I was just passing by when the accident happened

■ todos los cables y tuberías pasan por debajo del suelo all the wires and pipes go under the floor

■ pasa de un idioma a otro sin darse cuenta he goes from one language to another without realizing

2 (tiempo) to pass, go by

■ ¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!

■ yo lo hago por pasar el tiempo I do it to pass the time

3 (entrar) to come in, go in

■ pasa, está abierto come in, it's not locked

■ me dijeron que pasara sin llamar they told me to go in without knocking

4 (cesar) to pass, cease

■ en cuanto pase la tormenta salimos we'll go out when the storm has passed

■ si no se te pasa el dolor, llámame if the pain doesn't go away, call me

■ tranquila, que ya ha pasado todo don't worry, it's all over now

5 (límite) to exceed (de, -)

6 (ocurrir) to happen

7 (sufrir) to suffer

► verbo transitivo

1 (trasladar) to move, transfer

■ pasa este documento al otro disquete move this file to the other diskette

■ lo han pasado al departamento de ventas he has been transferred to the sales department

2 (comunicar, dar) to give

■ pásale el informe al jefe give this report to the boss

■ mi hijo me ha pasado la gripe my son has given me the flu

3 (cruzar) to cross

■ pasamos la frontera ayer we crossed the border yesterday

4 (alcanzar) to pass, reach

■ pásame la sal, por favor pass me the salt, please

5 (aventajar) to surpass, be better than

■ tu hermano ya te pasa en matemáticas your brother is better than you at maths

6 (adelantar) to overtake

■ me pasó un deportivo rojo en una curva a red sports car overtook me on a bend

7 (deslizar) to run

■ pasó el dedo por el estante he ran his finger along the shelf

■ la etiqueta se pasa por aquí y el precio sale en la pantalla you run the tag through here and the price comes up on the screen

8 (tolerar) to overlook

■ esta vez te la paso, pero que no se repita I'll overlook it this time, but don't let it happen again

9 (aprobar) to pass

■ pasé el examen a la primera I passed my test first time

10 (proyectar) to show

■ pasaron unas diapositivas y luego una película they showed some slides and then a film

11 (tiempo - estar) to spend; (- disfrutar, padecer) to have

■ pasaremos el verano en Sada we're spending the summer in Sada

■ he pasado una noche fatal I've had a terrible night

■ pasamos unas vacaciones estupendas we had a wonderful holiday

► verbo pronominal pasarse

1 (desertar) to pass over (a, to)

■ se ha pasado al otro bando she's gone over to the other side

2 (pudrirse) to go off

3 (olvidarse) to forget

■ se me pasó la fecha de entrega I forgot about the deadline

4 (ir) to go by ( por, -), call in ( por, at)

■ pásate por casa cuando quieras pop in any time

5 familiar (excederse) to overdo it; (ir demasiado lejos) to go too far (de, -)

■ te has pasado de sincero you were too honest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

pasar de algo familiar not to be bothered about something

■ paso de hacer cola I can't be bothered to queue up

■ pasa de todo he couldn't care less about anything, he doesn't give a damn about anything

pasar de largo to go past

pasar la página to turn the page

pasar por to pass for

pasar por alto to ignore

pasar por encima de alguien to go over somebody's head

pasarlo bien to have a good time

¿qué pasa? what's the matter?, what's wrong?

pasar sin to do without

pasarse de la raya to go too far, overstep the mark

* * *

verb

1) to happen

2) pass

3) come in, enter

4) surpass

5) cross

6) give

7) undergo, suffer

8) omit

•

- pasar de largo
- pasar por alto
- pasarlo bien
- pasarlo mal
- pasarse
* * *
Para las expresiones pasar lista, pasar de moda, pasar desapercibido, pasarse de rosca etc, ver la otra entrada
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=ocurrir)

a) [suceso] to happen

¿qué pasó? — what happened?

¿pasa algo? — is anything up?, is anything wrong?, is anything the matter?

como si no hubiese pasado nada — as if nothing had happened

aquí pasa algo misterioso — there's something odd going on here

siempre pasa igual {o} lo mismo — it's always the same

¿qué pasa? — what's happening?, what's going on?, what's up?; [como saludo] how's things? *

¿qué pasa que no entra? — why doesn't she come in?

¿qué pasa contigo? — what's up with you?; [como saludo] * how's it going? *

¿qué ha pasado con ella? — what's become of her?

• [lo que] pasa es que... — well, you see..., the thing is that...

pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may

b)

pasarle a algn: nunca me pasa nada — nothing ever happens to me

no me ha pasado otra (igual) en la vida — nothing like this has ever happened to me before

siempre me pasa lo mismo, lo pierdo todo — it's always the same, I keep losing things

tuvo un accidente, pero por suerte no le pasó nada — he had an accident, but fortunately he wasn't hurt

esto te pasa por no hacerme caso — this is what comes of not listening to me, this wouldn't have happened (to you) if you'd listened to me

¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter?

¿qué le pasa a ese? — what's the matter with him?

2) (=cambiar de lugar)

a) [objeto]

la cuerda pasa de un lado a otro de la calle — the rope goes from one side of the street to the other

cuando muera la empresa pasará al hijo — when he dies the company will go to his son

• la foto fue pasando de mano en [mano] — the photo was passed around

pasó de mis manos a las suyas — it passed from my hands into his

b) [persona] to go

pasar a un cuarto contiguo — to go into an adjoining room

pasar de Inglaterra al Canadá — to go from England to Canada

3) (=entrar)

¡pase! — come in!; [cediendo el paso] after you!

no se puede pasar — you can't go through, you can't go in

pasamos directamente a ver al jefe — we went straight in to see the boss

los moros pasaron a España — the Moors crossed over into Spain

• [hacer] pasar a algn — to show sb in

4) (=transitar)

pasó una bicicleta — a bicycle went past

¿a qué hora pasa el cartero? — what time does the postman come?

ya ha pasado el tren de las cinco — (=sin hacer parada) the five o'clock train has already gone by; (=haciendo parada) the five o'clock train has already been and gone

¿ha pasado ya el camión de la basura? — have the dustmen been?

• pasar [de largo] — to go {o} pass by

• pasar [por], el autobús pasa por delante de nuestra casa — the bus goes past our house

ese autobús no pasa por aquí — that bus doesn't come this way

5) (=acercarse a)

• tengo que pasar [por] el banco — I've got to go to the bank

pasaré por la tienda mañana — I'll go {o} pop into the shop tomorrow

tendrá que pasar por mi despacho — he'll have to come to my office

pase por caja — please pay at the cash desk

pasaré por tu casa — I'll drop in
pasar a ({+ infin})
te pasaré a buscar a las ocho — I'll pick you up at eight

pasa a verme cuando quieras — come round whenever you like

6) (=cambiar de situación) to go

el equipo ha pasado a primera división — the team has gone up to the first division

y luego pasaron a otra cosa — and then they went on to something else

ha pasado de ser tímida a no tenerle miedo a nada — she has gone from being shy to fearing nothing

pasar de teniente a general — to go from lieutenant to general

• pasar a [ser] — to become

en muy poco tiempo ha pasado a ser un gran profesional — he has become a real professional in a very short space of time

7) (=transcurrir) [tiempo] to pass, go by

han pasado cuatro años — four years have passed {o} gone by

el tiempo pasa deprisa — time passes {o} goes so quickly

¡cómo pasa el tiempo! — how time flies!

ya ha pasado una hora — it's been an hour already

8) (=acabar) [problema, situación] to be over; [efectos] to wear off

ha pasado la crisis — the crisis is over

ya pasó aquello — that's all over (and done with) now

9) (=aceptarse)

puede pasar — it's passable, it's OK

por esta vez pase — I'll let it go this time

que me llames carroza, pase, pero fascista, no — you can call me an old fuddy-duddy if you like, but not a fascist

10) pasar por

a) (=atravesar, caber) to go through

el hilo pasa por el agujero — the thread goes through the hole

pasamos por un túnel muy largo — we went through a very long tunnel

no pasamos por el pueblo — we didn't go through the village

el río pasa por la ciudad — the river flows {o} goes through the city

pasar por la aduana — to go through customs

está pasando por un mal momento — he's going through a bad patch

no creo que el sofá pase por esa puerta — I don't think the settee will go through the door

b) (=depender de) to depend on

el futuro de la empresa pasa por este acuerdo — the company's future depends on {o} hangs on this agreement

c) (=ser considerado) to pass as

podrían perfectamente pasar por gemelos — they could easily pass as twins

Juan pasa por francés — most people think Juan is French

• [hacerse] pasar por — to pass o.s. off as

se hace pasar por médico — he passes himself off as a doctor

11) [otras formas preposicionales]
pasar a ({+ infin}) (=empezar)
paso ahora a explicar mi postura — I will now go on to explain my position

pasar a decir algo — to go on to say sth

ya va siendo hora de pasar a la acción — it is time for action
pasar de (=exceder)
pasa ya de los 70 — he's over 70

esto pasa de ser una broma — this is beyond a joke

no pasa de ser un jugador mediocre — he's no more than an average player

no pasan de 60 los que lo tienen — those who have it do not number more than 60, fewer than 60 people have it

• yo de [ahí] no paso — that's as far as I'm prepared to go

• de [ésta] no pasa — this is the very last time

• de [hoy] no pasa que le escriba — I'll write to him this very day
pasar sin
tendrá que pasar sin coche — he'll have to get by {o} manage without a car

no puede pasar sin ella — he can't manage without her

12) (Naipes) to pass

yo paso — pass

13) esp Esp
* (=mostrarse indiferente)
yo paso — count me out

• pasar [de] algo/algn, yo paso de política — I'm not into politics

paso de todo — I couldn't care less

pasa olímpicamente de todo lo que le dicen — he doesn't take the blindest bit of notice of anything they say to him

paso de ti, chaval — I couldn't care less about you, pal

2. VERBO TRANSITIVO

1) (=dar, entregar) [gen] to pass; [en una serie] to pass on

¿me pasas la sal, por favor? — could you pass (me) the salt, please?

le pasó el sobre — he handed {o} passed her the envelope

pásale una nota con disimulo — slip him a note

cuando termines pásasela a Isabel — when you've finished pass it on to Isabel

2) (=traspasar) [+ río, frontera] to cross; [+ límite] to go beyond

el túnel pasa la montaña — the tunnel goes right through the mountain

esto pasa los límites de lo razonable — this goes beyond the realm of what is reasonable

3) (=llevar)

nos pasaron a ver al director — they took us to see the manager

nos pasaron a otra habitación — they moved us into another room

he pasado mi despacho al dormitorio — I've moved my office into the bedroom

4) (=hacer atravesar)

pasa el alambre por este agujero — put the wire through this hole

pasó el hilo por el ojo de la aguja — she threaded the thread through the eye of the needle

5) (=colar) to strain

pasar el café por el colador — to strain the coffee

6) (=introducir) [+ moneda falsa] to pass (off); [+ contrabando] to smuggle

han pasado billetes falsos — they've passed (off) forged notes

han pasado un alijo de cocaína por la frontera — a consignment of cocaine has been smuggled across the border

7) (=hacer deslizar)

voy a pasarle un trapo — I'm going to wipe it down

pasar la mano por algo — to run one's hand over sth

pasar el cepillo por el pelo — to run a brush through one's hair

pasar la aspiradora por la alfombra — to vacuum the carpet, run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet

pasar la aspiradora — to do the vacuuming

8) (=deslizar) to slip

le pasó el brazo por los hombros/la cintura — she slipped {o} put her arm around his shoulders/waist

9) (=contagiar) to give

me has pasado tu catarro — you've given me your cold

10) (=volver) [+ página] to turn

- pasar página

11) (=escribir)

• pasar algo a [limpio] — to make a neat {o} fair {o} clean copy of sth

• pasar algo a [máquina] — to type sth up

12) (=tragar) (lit) to swallow; (fig) to bear, stand

no puedo pasar esta pastilla — I can't swallow this pill, I can't get this pill down

no puedo pasar a ese hombre — I can't bear {o} stand that man

13) (=tolerar)

se lo pasan todo — they let him get away with anything

no te voy a pasar más — I'm not going to indulge you any more

14) (=aprobar) [+ examen] to pass

15) (=proyectar) [+ película, programa] to show, screen

16) (=poner en contacto)

te paso con Pedro — [al mismo teléfono] I'll put you on to Pedro; [a distinto teléfono] I'll put you through to Pedro

17) (=realizar)

• pasa [consulta] {o} [visita] a unas 700 personas diarias — he sees 700 patients a day
revista 3)
18) (=superar)

los pasa a todos en inteligencia — she's more intelligent than any of them

para ganar debes pasar a muchos contrincantes — to win you have to beat a lot of opponents

me pasa ya 3cm — he's already 3cm taller than I am

19) (Aut) to pass, overtake

20) (=omitir)

• pasar algo por [alto] — to overlook sth

pasar por alto un detalle — to overlook a detail

21) [+ tiempo] to spend

pasar las vacaciones — to spend one's holidays

voy a pasar el fin de semana con ella — I'm going to spend the weekend with her

fuimos a pasar el día en la playa — we went to the seaside for the day

lo pasaremos tan ricamente — we'll have such a good time
pasarlo ({+ adv})
pasarlo bien — to have a good time

¡que lo pases bien! — have a good time!, enjoy yourself!

pasarlo mal — to have a bad time

lo pasamos muy mal — we had an awful time

22) (=dejar atrás)

hemos pasado el aniversario — the anniversary has passed, the anniversary is behind us

ya hemos pasado lo peor — we're over the worst now, the worst is behind us now

23) (=sufrir)

ha pasado una mala racha — she's been through a bad patch

ha pasado muchas enfermedades — he's had a lot of illnesses

pasar frío — to be cold

pasar hambre — to be hungry

24) Cono Sur * (=engañar) to cheat, swindle

3.

See:

pasarse
PASAR En expresiones temporales ► Se traduce por spend cuando pasar tiene un uso transitivo y queremos indicar un período de tiempo concreto, seguido de la actividad que en ese tiempo se desarrolla, o del lugar: Me pasé la tarde escribiendo cartas I spent the evening writing letters Ha pasado toda su vida en el campo He has spent his whole life in the country ► En cambio, cuando se describe la forma en que se pasa el tiempo mediante un adjetivo, se debe emplear en inglés la construcción have + (a) + ((adjetivo)) + ((sustantivo)): Pasamos una tarde entretenida We had a lovely afternoon Pasamos un rato estupendo jugando al squash We had a fantastic time playing squash la expresión pasar el rato se traduce por pass the time: No sé qué hacer para pasar el rato I don't know what to do to pass the time ► Cuando el uso es intransitivo, pasar se traduce por pass {o} go by. A medida que pasaba el tiempo se deprimía cada vez más As time passed o went by, he became more and more depressed Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go past

no ha pasado ni un taxi — not one taxi has come/gone past

¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? — what time does the milkman come?

los otros coches no podían pasar — the other cars weren't able to get past

no dejan pasar a nadie — they're not letting anyone through

no dejes pasar esta oportunidad — don't miss this opportunity

pasar de largo — to go right o straight past

pasar POR algo — to go through something

al pasar por la aduana — when you go through customs

el Tajo pasa por Aranjuez — the Tagus flows through Aranjuez

es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami — it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami

¿este autobús pasa por el museo? — does this bus go past the museum?

¿el 45 pasa por aquí? — does the number 45 come this way?

pasamos por delante de su casa — we went past her house

pasaba por aquí y... — I was just passing by o I was in the area and...

ni me pasó por la imaginación — it didn't even occur to me, it didn't even cross my mind

b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar)

pasar POR algo: ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?; pase usted por caja please go over to the cashier; pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?; pasar A + INF: puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow; pasaremos a verlos — we'll call in o drop in and see them

c) ( atravesar) to cross

pasar de un lado a otro — to go o cross from one side to the other

pasaron de Chile a Argentina a pie — they crossed over from Chile to Argentina on foot

la humedad pasó a la otra habitación — the damp went through to the other room

d) (caber, entrar)

no pasará por la puerta — it won't go through the door

esta camiseta no me pasa por la cabeza — I can't get this T-shirt over my head

2)

a) (transmitirse, transferirse) corona/título to pass

una tradición que pasa de padres a hijos — a tradition that is handed o passed down from generation to generation

pasó de mano en mano — it was passed around (to everyone)

b) ( comunicar)

te paso con Javier — ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; ( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier

3) ( entrar - acercándose al hablante) to come in; (- alejándose del hablante) to go in

pase, por favor — please, do come in

que pase el siguiente! — next, please!

haga pasar al Sr Díaz — show Mr Díaz in please

no pasarán! — (fr hecha) they shall not pass!

pasaron al comedor — they went through into the dining room

¿puedo pasar al baño? — may I use the bathroom please?

¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? — (AmL) who's going to come up to the blackboard?

4)

a) (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema)

pasar (DE algo) A algo — to go (from something) to something

pasó del quinto al séptimo lugar — she went o dropped from fifth to seventh place

ahora pasa a tercera — (Auto) now change into third

pasando a otra cosa... — anyway, to change the subject...

pasan a ocupar el primer puesto — they move into first place

pasó a tratar el problema — he went on to deal with the problem

pasamos a informar de otras noticias — now, the rest of the news

b) (Educ) to pass

¿pasaste? — did you pass?

pasar de curso — to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams

c) ( ser aceptable)

no está perfecto, pero puede pasar — it's not perfect, but it'll do

por esta vez (que) pase — I'll let it pass o go this time

5) ( exceder un límite)

pasar DE algo: no pases de 100 don't go over 100; no pasó de un desacuerdo it was nothing more than a disagreement; está muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another day; no pasa de los 30 he's not more than 30; no pasamos de nueve empleados — they're only nine of us working there/here

6) pasar por

a) ( ser tenido por)

pasa por tonto, pero no lo es — he might look stupid, but he isn't

podrían pasar por hermanas — they could pass for sisters

se hacía pasar por médico — he passed himself off as a doctor

se hizo pasar por mi padre — he pretended to be my father

b) (Esp) ( implicar)

la solución pasa por una reforma política — the solution lies in a political reform

Sentido II

7) ( transcurrir) tiempo to pass

pasaron muchos años — many years went by o passed

ya han pasado dos horas — it's been two hours now

cómo pasa el tiempo! — doesn't time fly!

por ti no pasan los años — you look as young as ever

pasaban las horas y no llegaba — the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come

8) ( cesar) crisis/mal momento to be over; efecto to wear off; dolor to go away

menos mal que el invierno ya ha pasado — thank goodness winter's over

9) ( arreglárselas) to manage, get by

sin electricidad podemos pasar — we can manage o get by without electricity

Sentido III

10) ( suceder) to happen

cuéntame lo que pasó — tell me what happened

lo que pasa es que... — the thing o the problem is...

pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may

¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? — what happened about the watch?

...y aquí no ha pasado nada —...and let's just forget the whole thing

en este pueblo nunca pasa nada — nothing ever happens in this town

siempre pasa igual or lo mismo — it's always the same

¿pasa algo? — is something the matter?

¿qué pasa? — what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq)

hola, Carlos! ¿qué pasa? — (fam) hi, Carlos! how's things o how's it going? (colloq)

son cosas que pasan — these things happen; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter with you?

¿qué te pasó en el ojo? — what happened to your eye?

¿qué le pasa a la tele? — what's wrong with the TV?

eso le pasa a cualquiera — that can happen to anybody

por suerte a él no le pasó nada — fortunately, nothing happened to him

11) ( experimentar)

pasar POR algo — por crisis/mala racha to go through something

Sentido IV

12)

a) (en naipes, juegos) to pass

b) (fam) ( rechazando algo)

¿vas a tomar postre? - no, yo paso — are you going to have a dessert? - no, I think I'll give it a miss

paso de salir, estoy muy cansada — I don't feel like going out, I'm very tired (colloq)

c) (fam) ( expresando indiferencia)

que se las arreglen, yo paso — they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem

pasa ampliamente de lo que diga la gente — she couldn't care less what people say (colloq)

paso de él — (esp Esp) I don't give a damn o I couldn't care less what he does (colloq)
2.
pasar vt

Sentido I

1)

a) ( hacer atravesar)

pasar algo POR algo — to put something through something

pasar la salsa por un tamiz — to put the sauce through a sieve

pasa el cordón por este agujero — thread the string through this hole

b) ( por la aduana -legalmente) to take through; (- ilegalmente) to smuggle

c) ( hacer deslizar)

pásale un trapo al piso — give the floor a quick wipe

pasarlo primero por harina — first dip it in flour

a esto hay que pasarle una plancha — this needs a quick iron o run over with the iron

2) (exhibir, mostrar) <película/anuncio> to show

3)

a) (cruzar, atravesar) < frontera> to cross; <pueblo/ciudad> to go through

pasaron el río a nado — they swam across the river

b) ( dejar atrás) <edificio/calle> to go past

todavía no hemos pasado lo peor — the worst is yet to come

c) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtake

pasar A algo — to overtake something, to get past something

está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre — he's really tall, he's already overtaken his father

4) <examen/prueba> to pass

5) <página/hoja> to turn

6) (fam) ( tolerar)

esto no te lo paso — I'm not letting you get away with this

no te deja pasar ni una — he doesn't let you get away with anything

a ese tipo no lo paso — I can't stand o take that guy (colloq)

no podía pasar aquella sopa — I couldn't stomach o eat that soup

pasar por alto — <falta/error> to overlook, forget about; tema/punto to leave out, omit

7) ( transcribir)

tendré que pasar la carta — I'll have to write o copy the letter out again

¿me pasas esto a máquina? — could you type this for me?

Sentido II

8) (entregar, hacer llegar)

pásaselo a Miguel — pass it on to Miguel

¿me pasas el martillo? — can you pass me the hammer?

le pasó el balón a Gómez — he passed the ball to Gómez

el padre le pasa una mensualidad — she gets a monthly allowance from her father

9) <gripe/resfriado> to give

me lo pasó a mí — he gave it to me, he passed it on to me

Sentido III

10)

a) < tiempo> to spend

pasamos las Navidades en casa — we spent Christmas at home

fuimos a Toledo a pasar el día — we went to Toledo for the day

b) ( con idea de continuidad)

pasé toda la noche en vela — I was awake all night

puede pasar días sin comer — he can go for days without eating

11)

a) (sufrir, padecer) penalidades/desgracias to go through, to suffer

está pasando una mala racha — he's going through bad times o (BrE) a bad patch

no sabes las que pasé — you've no idea what I went through

pasé mucho miedo/frío — I was very frightened/cold

b)

pasarlo or pasarla bien — to have a good time

¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? — did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?

lo pasé mal — I didn't enjoy myself

lo pasa muy mal con los exámenes — he gets very nervous about exams
3.
1) pasarse v pron

Sentido I

2) ( cambiarse)

pasarse al enemigo — to go over to the enemy

queremos pasarnos a la otra oficina — we want to move to the other office

3)

a) ( ir demasiado lejos)

nos pasamos, el banco está más arriba — we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as this

nos pasamos de estación — we went past our station

b) (fam) ( excederse) to go too far

esta vez te has pasado — you've gone too far this time

se pasaron con los precios — the prices they charged were way over the top (colloq)

se pasó con la sal — he overdid the salt (colloq)

te pasaste con el regalo — that was a really nice present you gave me

se pasó de listo — he tried to be too clever (colloq)

te pasas de bueno — you're too kind for your own good

c) (CS fam) ( lucirse)

te pasaste! esto está riquísimo — you've excelled yourself! this is really delicious (colloq)

4)

a) peras/tomates to go bad, get overripe; carne/pescado to go off, go bad; leche to go off, go sour

b) (recocerse): arroz/pasta to get overcooked

no le dejes pasarse de punto — don't let it overcook

Sentido II

5)

a) ( desaparecer) efecto to wear off; dolor to go away; (+ me/te/le etc)

ya se me pasó el dolor — the pain's gone o eased now

espera a que se le pase el enojo — wait until he's calmed o cooled down

hasta que se le pase la fiebre — until her temperature goes down

b) ( transcurrir)

el año se ha pasado muy rápido — this year has gone very quickly; (+ me/te/le etc)

sus clases se me pasan volando — her classes seem to go so quickly

6) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) ( olvidarse)

se me pasó totalmente — I completely forgot

se me pasó su cumpleaños — I forgot his birthday

b) ( dejar de notar)

se le pasaron varios errores — he overlooked several mistakes

no se le pasó ese detalle — this detail didn't escape his attention

c) ( dejar escapar)

se me pasó la oportunidad — I missed the opportunity

Sentido III

7) (enf) ( estar)

se pasa el día al teléfono — she spends all day on the phone

me pasé toda la noche estudiando — I was up all night studying

se pasó el domingo durmiendo — he spent the whole of Sunday evening sleeping; ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1b y 2b

8) (enf) (fam) (ir)

pásate por casa — come round

¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? — could you go down to the market?

9) (refl)

se pasó la mano por el pelo — he ran his fingers through his hair

pasarse un peine — to run a comb through one's hair

* * *

= hand (over), pass, pass by, pass on, transfer, transmit, turn over + page, hand on, spend, transpire, pass out, turn over, slide over, pass along, get through, can't/couldn't be bothered, go + past, pass down, roll on, pass out, blow over, make + the cut, wear off, hand down.

Ex. Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.

Ex. Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.

Ex. The days of needing to change into carpet slippers before going to such an area have thankfully passed by.

Ex. If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.

Ex. Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.

Ex. The system permits the requester to specify up to five potential lending libraries, and the system transmits the requests to these libraries one at a time.

Ex. Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.

Ex. Some experts have expressed grave doubts about the durability of contemporary literary and artistic works on paper and hence the possibility of handing on works of culture to future generations.

Ex. Any funeral scene in a story inevitably conjures in myself memories of my childhood spent as the son of an undertaker.

Ex. The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.

Ex. At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.

Ex. Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.

Ex. He had greeted her courteously, as was his wont, and had inquired if she minded his smoking; she told him to go ahead and slid over an ashtray.

Ex. If the head of reference services does not pass along the information to the staff the reference librarians, by being uninformed, will undoubtedly not make as good an impression on the important city managers.

Ex. I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.

Ex. Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.

Ex. Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.

Ex. The knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation by sentient beings on this planet for aeons and aeons is quite impossible to fully comprehend.

Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

Ex. Put a set of premises into such a device and turn the crank, and it will readily pass out conclusion after conclusion.

Ex. During the bulk of that time, your liberal leaders grandly sat, waiting for various things to blow over.

Ex. Naturally, the recruiters whose people were not chosen for the job wanted feedback as to why their candidates did not make the cut.

Ex. We're all familiar with the idea of novelty value and how it wears off with time.

Ex. A hunting guide while still in his teens, he learned his woodcraft first hand, absorbing lore handed down to him from his father.

----

* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.

* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).

* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.

* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* ayudar a pasar por = get + Nombre + through.

* cada día que pasa = each passing day.

* conforme + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* dejar pasar = pass up, forego [forgo], let through.

* dejar pasar a Alguien = let + Alguien + by.

* dejar pasar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.

* dejar pasar una oportunidad = forego + opportunity, miss + opportunity, pass up + opportunity, miss + chance.

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* día que pasa = passing day.

* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.

* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.

* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.

* hacer que Alguien las pase canutas = give + Nombre + a run for + Posesivo + money.

* hacérselas pasar canutas a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.

* hacérselas pasarlas canutas a Alguien = push + Nombre + to the edge.

* hacérselas pasar negras a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.

* hacerse pasar por = masquerade as, impersonate.

* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas no pasan así porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.

* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.

* no dejar pasar = keep out.

* no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.

* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.

* pasando a = moving on to.

* pasar a = go on to, move on to, proceed to, shunt into, switch over, switch to, step onto, spill over into.

* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.

* pasar a Alguien lo que a = suffer + the fate of.

* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.

* pasar a la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.

* pasar a la era de = move into + the age of.

* pasar a la historia = history in the making, go down in + history.

* pasar a la historia como = go down as, go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.

* pasar a la página + Número = turn to + page + Número.

* pasar a la posteridad = go down to + posterity.

* pasar a la posteridad como = go down to + posterity as.

* pasar Algo a Alguien = turn + Algo + over to + Alguien.

* pasar algo inesperado = things + take a turn for the unexpected.

* pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.

* pasar al olvido = blow over.

* pasar a los anales de la historia = go down in + history.

* pasar a los anales de la historia como = go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.

* pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.

* pasar al siguiente año fiscal = roll over.

* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.

* pasar año(s) antes de que = be year(s) before.

* pasar a ocupar el puesto de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* pasar aprietos = feel + the pinch.

* pasar apuros = struggle, pass through + adversity, have + a thin time, be under strain, bear + hardship, be hard pressed, feel + the pinch, have + a hard time, the wolves + be + at the door, have + a tough time.

* pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.

* pasar a ser = become, develop into.

* pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus, take + centre stage.

* pasar a ser inconcebible = render + inconceivable.

* pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.

* pasar a una situación económica más confortable = improve + Posesivo + lot.

* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.

* pasar casi rozando = skim.

* pasar como una bala = whiz.

* pasar de = get beyond.

* pasar de... a... = proceed from... to..., move from... to....

* pasar de... a = switch from... to..., go from... to..., swing between... and..., grow from... into/to.

* pasar de contrabando = smuggle.

* pasar de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.

* pasar de largo = bypass [by-pass].

* pasar de largo rápidamente = race + past.

* pasar de moda = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulation.

* pasar desapercibido = be unnoticeable, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, be an invisible fly on the wall, go + unnoted, lie + forgotten, sneak under + the radar.

* pasar de una persona a otra = pass around.

* pasar de uno a otro = change back and forth.

* pasar de un sitio a otro = travel.

* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.

* pasar el invierno = winter, overwinter.

* pasar el mochuelo = pass + the bucket.

* pasar el muerto = pass + the bucket.

* pasar el platillo = pass + the bucket (around).

* pasar el rato = hang out.

* pasar el rato con = kick + it with.

* pasar el rato con los amigos = hang out with + Posesivo + friends.

* pasar el relevo a = hand + the reins over to.

* pasar el testigo = pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton.

* pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.

* pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.

* pasar + Expresión Temporal = elapse + Expresión Temporal, go by + Expresión Temporal.

* pasar hambre = suffer from + hunger, go + hungry, starve.

* pasar hojas = page (through), turn + pages, flip + pages.

* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.

* pasar hojas hacia delante = page + forward.

* pasar inadvertidamente = slip, creep + past, sneak + past.

* pasar inadvertido = be unnoticeable, escape + notice, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, go + unnoted, sneak under + the radar.

* pasar la antorcha = hand over + the torch.

* pasar la luna de miel = honeymoon.

* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.

* pasar la página = turn over + page.

* pasar la pantalla = scroll.

* pasar la pelota = pass + the buck.

* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.

* pasarlas canutas = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time, be to hell and back.

* pasarlas negras = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time.

* pasarlas putas = jump through + hoops, be to hell and back.

* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.

* pasar las vacaciones = vacation.

* pasar llevando = take through.

* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo bien = have + fun, be a great time.

* pasarlo bomba = be a great time, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo canutas intentando Hacer Algo = have + a heck of a time + trying.

* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo genial = have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo mal = have + a thin time, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.

* pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.

* pasarlo pipa = have + a whale of a time.

* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.

* pasar miseria = the wolves + be + at the door.

* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.

* pasar + Nombre + a = turn + Nombre + over to.

* pasar penurias = suffer from + deprivation.

* pasar poco a poco = slide into.

* pasar por = cross, pass through, reach down, step through, go by, go through, pass for, pass across, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, make + Posesivo + way through, run through.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], gloss over, miss, obviate, overlook, short-circuit [shortcircuit], skip over, leapfrog, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by, flout, close + the door on, skip.

* pasar por alto la autoridad de Alguien = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar por alto rápidamente = race + past.

* pasar por aquí = come by.

* pasar por delante de = make + Posesivo + way past.

* pasar por el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.

* pasar por el infierno = be to hell and back.

* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.

* pasar por encima = pass over.

* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar por la mitad de = cut through.

* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.

* pasar por un período de = go through + a period of.

* pasar por un proceso de = go through + a process of.

* pasar privaciones = suffer from + deprivation.

* pasar rápidamente = run through, sweep by, sweep, flash across.

* pasar rápidamente a = snap to.

* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.

* pasar registros a disco = transfer + records + to disc.

* pasar revista = review.

* pasarse = come by, drop in, overshoot, step over + the edge, go + overboard, go + too far.

* pasarse Algo por el culo = not give a shit.

* pasarse Algo por el forro = flout.

* pasarse Algo por la entrepierna = not give a shit.

* pasarse con = act + fresh with.

* pasar sed = go + thirsty.

* pasarse de = overstep.

* pasarse de + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.

* pasarse de la raya = cross + the line.

* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].

* pasárselo bien = have + a good time, have + a great time.

* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* pasárselo fabuloso = have + a good time, have + a great time, have + a whale of a time.

* pasárselo la mar de bien = have + a whale of a time, have + a great time.

* pasárselo pipa = have + a great time.

* pasarse por = drop by, stop by, mosey.

* pasar sin = get along without, forego [forgo], do without, live without.

* pasar sin Alguien = spare + Nombre Personal.

* pasar sin comodidades = rough it.

* pasar sin ser visto = sneak + past, sneak through, sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.

* pasar + Tiempo = spend + time, spend + Tiempo.

* pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.

* pasar una crisis = face + crisis.

* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.

* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.

* pasar una tarjeta por un lector electrónico = swipe.

* pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.

* pasar un cuestionario = administer + questionnaire, carry out + questionnaire.

* pasar un rato = say + hi.

* pasar zumbando = whiz.

* pase lo que pase = come what may, come rain or shine, rain or shine, come hell or high water.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?.

* que pasaba = passing.

* que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous.

* ¿qué pasa si... ? = what if... ?.

* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.

* quien no malgasta no pasa necesidades = waste not, want not.

* sin haber pasado por la calandria = uncalendered.

* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* tiempo + pasar = time + march on.

* todavía no ha pasado lo mejor = the best is yet to come.

* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go past

no ha pasado ni un taxi — not one taxi has come/gone past

¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? — what time does the milkman come?

los otros coches no podían pasar — the other cars weren't able to get past

no dejan pasar a nadie — they're not letting anyone through

no dejes pasar esta oportunidad — don't miss this opportunity

pasar de largo — to go right o straight past

pasar POR algo — to go through something

al pasar por la aduana — when you go through customs

el Tajo pasa por Aranjuez — the Tagus flows through Aranjuez

es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami — it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami

¿este autobús pasa por el museo? — does this bus go past the museum?

¿el 45 pasa por aquí? — does the number 45 come this way?

pasamos por delante de su casa — we went past her house

pasaba por aquí y... — I was just passing by o I was in the area and...

ni me pasó por la imaginación — it didn't even occur to me, it didn't even cross my mind

b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar)

pasar POR algo: ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?; pase usted por caja please go over to the cashier; pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?; pasar A + INF: puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow; pasaremos a verlos — we'll call in o drop in and see them

c) ( atravesar) to cross

pasar de un lado a otro — to go o cross from one side to the other

pasaron de Chile a Argentina a pie — they crossed over from Chile to Argentina on foot

la humedad pasó a la otra habitación — the damp went through to the other room

d) (caber, entrar)

no pasará por la puerta — it won't go through the door

esta camiseta no me pasa por la cabeza — I can't get this T-shirt over my head

2)

a) (transmitirse, transferirse) corona/título to pass

una tradición que pasa de padres a hijos — a tradition that is handed o passed down from generation to generation

pasó de mano en mano — it was passed around (to everyone)

b) ( comunicar)

te paso con Javier — ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; ( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier

3) ( entrar - acercándose al hablante) to come in; (- alejándose del hablante) to go in

pase, por favor — please, do come in

que pase el siguiente! — next, please!

haga pasar al Sr Díaz — show Mr Díaz in please

no pasarán! — (fr hecha) they shall not pass!

pasaron al comedor — they went through into the dining room

¿puedo pasar al baño? — may I use the bathroom please?

¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? — (AmL) who's going to come up to the blackboard?

4)

a) (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema)

pasar (DE algo) A algo — to go (from something) to something

pasó del quinto al séptimo lugar — she went o dropped from fifth to seventh place

ahora pasa a tercera — (Auto) now change into third

pasando a otra cosa... — anyway, to change the subject...

pasan a ocupar el primer puesto — they move into first place

pasó a tratar el problema — he went on to deal with the problem

pasamos a informar de otras noticias — now, the rest of the news

b) (Educ) to pass

¿pasaste? — did you pass?

pasar de curso — to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams

c) ( ser aceptable)

no está perfecto, pero puede pasar — it's not perfect, but it'll do

por esta vez (que) pase — I'll let it pass o go this time

5) ( exceder un límite)

pasar DE algo: no pases de 100 don't go over 100; no pasó de un desacuerdo it was nothing more than a disagreement; está muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another day; no pasa de los 30 he's not more than 30; no pasamos de nueve empleados — they're only nine of us working there/here

6) pasar por

a) ( ser tenido por)

pasa por tonto, pero no lo es — he might look stupid, but he isn't

podrían pasar por hermanas — they could pass for sisters

se hacía pasar por médico — he passed himself off as a doctor

se hizo pasar por mi padre — he pretended to be my father

b) (Esp) ( implicar)

la solución pasa por una reforma política — the solution lies in a political reform

Sentido II

7) ( transcurrir) tiempo to pass

pasaron muchos años — many years went by o passed

ya han pasado dos horas — it's been two hours now

cómo pasa el tiempo! — doesn't time fly!

por ti no pasan los años — you look as young as ever

pasaban las horas y no llegaba — the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come

8) ( cesar) crisis/mal momento to be over; efecto to wear off; dolor to go away

menos mal que el invierno ya ha pasado — thank goodness winter's over

9) ( arreglárselas) to manage, get by

sin electricidad podemos pasar — we can manage o get by without electricity

Sentido III

10) ( suceder) to happen

cuéntame lo que pasó — tell me what happened

lo que pasa es que... — the thing o the problem is...

pase lo que pase — whatever happens, come what may

¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? — what happened about the watch?

...y aquí no ha pasado nada —...and let's just forget the whole thing

en este pueblo nunca pasa nada — nothing ever happens in this town

siempre pasa igual or lo mismo — it's always the same

¿pasa algo? — is something the matter?

¿qué pasa? — what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq)

hola, Carlos! ¿qué pasa? — (fam) hi, Carlos! how's things o how's it going? (colloq)

son cosas que pasan — these things happen; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿qué te pasa? — what's the matter with you?

¿qué te pasó en el ojo? — what happened to your eye?

¿qué le pasa a la tele? — what's wrong with the TV?

eso le pasa a cualquiera — that can happen to anybody

por suerte a él no le pasó nada — fortunately, nothing happened to him

11) ( experimentar)

pasar POR algo — por crisis/mala racha to go through something

Sentido IV

12)

a) (en naipes, juegos) to pass

b) (fam) ( rechazando algo)

¿vas a tomar postre? - no, yo paso — are you going to have a dessert? - no, I think I'll give it a miss

paso de salir, estoy muy cansada — I don't feel like going out, I'm very tired (colloq)

c) (fam) ( expresando indiferencia)

que se las arreglen, yo paso — they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem

pasa ampliamente de lo que diga la gente — she couldn't care less what people say (colloq)

paso de él — (esp Esp) I don't give a damn o I couldn't care less what he does (colloq)
2.
pasar vt

Sentido I

1)

a) ( hacer atravesar)

pasar algo POR algo — to put something through something

pasar la salsa por un tamiz — to put the sauce through a sieve

pasa el cordón por este agujero — thread the string through this hole

b) ( por la aduana -legalmente) to take through; (- ilegalmente) to smuggle

c) ( hacer deslizar)

pásale un trapo al piso — give the floor a quick wipe

pasarlo primero por harina — first dip it in flour

a esto hay que pasarle una plancha — this needs a quick iron o run over with the iron

2) (exhibir, mostrar) <película/anuncio> to show

3)

a) (cruzar, atravesar) < frontera> to cross; <pueblo/ciudad> to go through

pasaron el río a nado — they swam across the river

b) ( dejar atrás) <edificio/calle> to go past

todavía no hemos pasado lo peor — the worst is yet to come

c) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtake

pasar A algo — to overtake something, to get past something

está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre — he's really tall, he's already overtaken his father

4) <examen/prueba> to pass

5) <página/hoja> to turn

6) (fam) ( tolerar)

esto no te lo paso — I'm not letting you get away with this

no te deja pasar ni una — he doesn't let you get away with anything

a ese tipo no lo paso — I can't stand o take that guy (colloq)

no podía pasar aquella sopa — I couldn't stomach o eat that soup

pasar por alto — <falta/error> to overlook, forget about; tema/punto to leave out, omit

7) ( transcribir)

tendré que pasar la carta — I'll have to write o copy the letter out again

¿me pasas esto a máquina? — could you type this for me?

Sentido II

8) (entregar, hacer llegar)

pásaselo a Miguel — pass it on to Miguel

¿me pasas el martillo? — can you pass me the hammer?

le pasó el balón a Gómez — he passed the ball to Gómez

el padre le pasa una mensualidad — she gets a monthly allowance from her father

9) <gripe/resfriado> to give

me lo pasó a mí — he gave it to me, he passed it on to me

Sentido III

10)

a) < tiempo> to spend

pasamos las Navidades en casa — we spent Christmas at home

fuimos a Toledo a pasar el día — we went to Toledo for the day

b) ( con idea de continuidad)

pasé toda la noche en vela — I was awake all night

puede pasar días sin comer — he can go for days without eating

11)

a) (sufrir, padecer) penalidades/desgracias to go through, to suffer

está pasando una mala racha — he's going through bad times o (BrE) a bad patch

no sabes las que pasé — you've no idea what I went through

pasé mucho miedo/frío — I was very frightened/cold

b)

pasarlo or pasarla bien — to have a good time

¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? — did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?

lo pasé mal — I didn't enjoy myself

lo pasa muy mal con los exámenes — he gets very nervous about exams
3.
1) pasarse v pron

Sentido I

2) ( cambiarse)

pasarse al enemigo — to go over to the enemy

queremos pasarnos a la otra oficina — we want to move to the other office

3)

a) ( ir demasiado lejos)

nos pasamos, el banco está más arriba — we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as this

nos pasamos de estación — we went past our station

b) (fam) ( excederse) to go too far

esta vez te has pasado — you've gone too far this time

se pasaron con los precios — the prices they charged were way over the top (colloq)

se pasó con la sal — he overdid the salt (colloq)

te pasaste con el regalo — that was a really nice present you gave me

se pasó de listo — he tried to be too clever (colloq)

te pasas de bueno — you're too kind for your own good

c) (CS fam) ( lucirse)

te pasaste! esto está riquísimo — you've excelled yourself! this is really delicious (colloq)

4)

a) peras/tomates to go bad, get overripe; carne/pescado to go off, go bad; leche to go off, go sour

b) (recocerse): arroz/pasta to get overcooked

no le dejes pasarse de punto — don't let it overcook

Sentido II

5)

a) ( desaparecer) efecto to wear off; dolor to go away; (+ me/te/le etc)

ya se me pasó el dolor — the pain's gone o eased now

espera a que se le pase el enojo — wait until he's calmed o cooled down

hasta que se le pase la fiebre — until her temperature goes down

b) ( transcurrir)

el año se ha pasado muy rápido — this year has gone very quickly; (+ me/te/le etc)

sus clases se me pasan volando — her classes seem to go so quickly

6) (+ me/te/le etc)

a) ( olvidarse)

se me pasó totalmente — I completely forgot

se me pasó su cumpleaños — I forgot his birthday

b) ( dejar de notar)

se le pasaron varios errores — he overlooked several mistakes

no se le pasó ese detalle — this detail didn't escape his attention

c) ( dejar escapar)

se me pasó la oportunidad — I missed the opportunity

Sentido III

7) (enf) ( estar)

se pasa el día al teléfono — she spends all day on the phone

me pasé toda la noche estudiando — I was up all night studying

se pasó el domingo durmiendo — he spent the whole of Sunday evening sleeping; ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1b y 2b

8) (enf) (fam) (ir)

pásate por casa — come round

¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? — could you go down to the market?

9) (refl)

se pasó la mano por el pelo — he ran his fingers through his hair

pasarse un peine — to run a comb through one's hair

* * *

= hand (over), pass, pass by, pass on, transfer, transmit, turn over + page, hand on, spend, transpire, pass out, turn over, slide over, pass along, get through, can't/couldn't be bothered, go + past, pass down, roll on, pass out, blow over, make + the cut, wear off, hand down.

Ex: Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.

Ex: Examination reveals positions on the cards where the light passes through all the cards in a stack.

Ex: The days of needing to change into carpet slippers before going to such an area have thankfully passed by.

Ex: If ignored, the problems are only passed on to all the users of the catalog: the public, the reference department, the acquisitions department, and naturally the cataloging department.

Ex: Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.

Ex: The system permits the requester to specify up to five potential lending libraries, and the system transmits the requests to these libraries one at a time.

Ex: Turn over the page and you will find suggested analyses against which you can check your solution.

Ex: Some experts have expressed grave doubts about the durability of contemporary literary and artistic works on paper and hence the possibility of handing on works of culture to future generations.

Ex: Any funeral scene in a story inevitably conjures in myself memories of my childhood spent as the son of an undertaker.

Ex: The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.

Ex: At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.

Ex: Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes, turning over the old house.

Ex: He had greeted her courteously, as was his wont, and had inquired if she minded his smoking; she told him to go ahead and slid over an ashtray.

Ex: If the head of reference services does not pass along the information to the staff the reference librarians, by being uninformed, will undoubtedly not make as good an impression on the important city managers.

Ex: I think that the so-called average person often exhibits a great deal of heroism in getting through an ordinary day.

Ex: Consider for example, a teacher who doesn't change his password (ever!) or can't be bothered to log out, all the firewalls and antivirus programs in the world will not protect a school's network.

Ex: Unfortunately, its conclusions are completely pedestrian, rarely going past the fact that there were old people in England in the late Middle Ages.

Ex: The knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation by sentient beings on this planet for aeons and aeons is quite impossible to fully comprehend.

Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

Ex: Put a set of premises into such a device and turn the crank, and it will readily pass out conclusion after conclusion.

Ex: During the bulk of that time, your liberal leaders grandly sat, waiting for various things to blow over.

Ex: Naturally, the recruiters whose people were not chosen for the job wanted feedback as to why their candidates did not make the cut.

Ex: We're all familiar with the idea of novelty value and how it wears off with time.

Ex: A hunting guide while still in his teens, he learned his woodcraft first hand, absorbing lore handed down to him from his father.

* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.

* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).

* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.

* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* ayudar a pasar por = get + Nombre + through.

* cada día que pasa = each passing day.

* conforme + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* dejar pasar = pass up, forego [forgo], let through.

* dejar pasar a Alguien = let + Alguien + by.

* dejar pasar Algo = put + Nombre + behind.

* dejar pasar una oportunidad = forego + opportunity, miss + opportunity, pass up + opportunity, miss + chance.

* desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....

* día que pasa = passing day.

* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.

* haber pasado por aquí antes = have been down this road before.

* hacer a Alguien pasar vergüenza = embarrass.

* hacer que Alguien las pase canutas = give + Nombre + a run for + Posesivo + money.

* hacérselas pasar canutas a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.

* hacérselas pasarlas canutas a Alguien = push + Nombre + to the edge.

* hacérselas pasar negras a Alguien = have + Nombre + jump through the hoops.

* hacerse pasar por = masquerade as, impersonate.

* las cosas no pasan así como así = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas no pasan así porque sí = everything happens for a reason (and a purpose).

* las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.

* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.

* lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.

* no dejar pasar = keep out.

* no dejar pasar la oportunidad = ride + the wave.

* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.

* pasando a = moving on to.

* pasar a = go on to, move on to, proceed to, shunt into, switch over, switch to, step onto, spill over into.

* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.

* pasar a Alguien lo que a = suffer + the fate of.

* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.

* pasar a la clandestinidad = go into + hiding.

* pasar a la era de = move into + the age of.

* pasar a la historia = history in the making, go down in + history.

* pasar a la historia como = go down as, go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.

* pasar a la página + Número = turn to + page + Número.

* pasar a la posteridad = go down to + posterity.

* pasar a la posteridad como = go down to + posterity as.

* pasar Algo a Alguien = turn + Algo + over to + Alguien.

* pasar algo inesperado = things + take a turn for the unexpected.

* pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.

* pasar al olvido = blow over.

* pasar a los anales de la historia = go down in + history.

* pasar a los anales de la historia como = go down in + history as, go down in + the history books as, go down in + the annals of history as.

* pasar al primer plano = take + centre stage.

* pasar al siguiente año fiscal = roll over.

* pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.

* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.

* pasar año(s) antes de que = be year(s) before.

* pasar a ocupar el puesto de Alguien = step into + the shoes of, stand in + Posesivo + shoes.

* pasar aprietos = feel + the pinch.

* pasar apuros = struggle, pass through + adversity, have + a thin time, be under strain, bear + hardship, be hard pressed, feel + the pinch, have + a hard time, the wolves + be + at the door, have + a tough time.

* pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.

* pasar a ser = become, develop into.

* pasar a ser el centro de atención = come into + focus, take + centre stage.

* pasar a ser inconcebible = render + inconceivable.

* pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.

* pasar a una situación económica más confortable = improve + Posesivo + lot.

* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.

* pasar casi rozando = skim.

* pasar como una bala = whiz.

* pasar de = get beyond.

* pasar de... a... = proceed from... to..., move from... to....

* pasar de... a = switch from... to..., go from... to..., swing between... and..., grow from... into/to.

* pasar de contrabando = smuggle.

* pasar de generación en generación = pass down from + generation to generation.

* pasar de largo = bypass [by-pass].

* pasar de largo rápidamente = race + past.

* pasar de moda = drop out of + vogue, go out of + fashion, go out of + favour, go out of + date, go out of + vogue, fall out of + vogue, go out of + style, pass away, obsolesce, drop out of + circulation.

* pasar desapercibido = be unnoticeable, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, be an invisible fly on the wall, go + unnoted, lie + forgotten, sneak under + the radar.

* pasar de una persona a otra = pass around.

* pasar de uno a otro = change back and forth.

* pasar de un sitio a otro = travel.

* pasar dificultades = struggle, be under strain, bear + hardship, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.

* pasar el invierno = winter, overwinter.

* pasar el mochuelo = pass + the bucket.

* pasar el muerto = pass + the bucket.

* pasar el platillo = pass + the bucket (around).

* pasar el rato = hang out.

* pasar el rato con = kick + it with.

* pasar el rato con los amigos = hang out with + Posesivo + friends.

* pasar el relevo a = hand + the reins over to.

* pasar el testigo = pass (on) + the torch, pass (on) + the baton.

* pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.

* pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.

* pasar + Expresión Temporal = elapse + Expresión Temporal, go by + Expresión Temporal.

* pasar hambre = suffer from + hunger, go + hungry, starve.

* pasar hojas = page (through), turn + pages, flip + pages.

* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.

* pasar hojas hacia delante = page + forward.

* pasar inadvertidamente = slip, creep + past, sneak + past.

* pasar inadvertido = be unnoticeable, escape + notice, go + unnoticed, lie + unnoticed, remain + unnoticed, slip by + unnoticed, become + unnoticeable, go + unrecognised, go + unnoted, sneak under + the radar.

* pasar la antorcha = hand over + the torch.

* pasar la luna de miel = honeymoon.

* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.

* pasar la página = turn over + page.

* pasar la pantalla = scroll.

* pasar la pelota = pass + the buck.

* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.

* pasarlas canutas = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time, be to hell and back.

* pasarlas negras = jump through + hoops, have + a devil of a time.

* pasarlas putas = jump through + hoops, be to hell and back.

* pasar las riendas del poder a = hand + the reins over to.

* pasar las vacaciones = vacation.

* pasar llevando = take through.

* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo bien = have + fun, be a great time.

* pasarlo bomba = be a great time, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo canutas intentando Hacer Algo = have + a heck of a time + trying.

* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo genial = have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo mal = have + a thin time, have + a difficult time, experience + difficult times, pass through + difficult times, face + difficult times.

* pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.

* pasarlo pipa = have + a whale of a time.

* pasar los días = spend + Posesivo + days.

* pasar miseria = the wolves + be + at the door.

* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.

* pasar + Nombre + a = turn + Nombre + over to.

* pasar penurias = suffer from + deprivation.

* pasar poco a poco = slide into.

* pasar por = cross, pass through, reach down, step through, go by, go through, pass for, pass across, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, make + Posesivo + way through, run through.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], gloss over, miss, obviate, overlook, short-circuit [shortcircuit], skip over, leapfrog, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by, flout, close + the door on, skip.

* pasar por alto la autoridad de Alguien = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar por alto rápidamente = race + past.

* pasar por aquí = come by.

* pasar por delante de = make + Posesivo + way past.

* pasar por el acoso de = run + the gauntlet of.

* pasar por el infierno = be to hell and back.

* pasar por el lado de = make + Posesivo + way past.

* pasar por encima = pass over.

* pasar por encima de la cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* pasar por la mitad de = cut through.

* pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.

* pasar por un período de = go through + a period of.

* pasar por un proceso de = go through + a process of.

* pasar privaciones = suffer from + deprivation.

* pasar rápidamente = run through, sweep by, sweep, flash across.

* pasar rápidamente a = snap to.

* pasar rápidamente por encima de = sweep across, swing over.

* pasar registros a disco = transfer + records + to disc.

* pasar revista = review.

* pasarse = come by, drop in, overshoot, step over + the edge, go + overboard, go + too far.

* pasarse Algo por el culo = not give a shit.

* pasarse Algo por el forro = flout.

* pasarse Algo por la entrepierna = not give a shit.

* pasarse con = act + fresh with.

* pasar sed = go + thirsty.

* pasarse de = overstep.

* pasarse de + Adjetivo = be too + Adjetivo + by half.

* pasarse de la raya = cross + the line.

* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].

* pasárselo bien = have + a good time, have + a great time.

* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* pasárselo fabuloso = have + a good time, have + a great time, have + a whale of a time.

* pasárselo la mar de bien = have + a whale of a time, have + a great time.

* pasárselo pipa = have + a great time.

* pasarse por = drop by, stop by, mosey.

* pasar sin = get along without, forego [forgo], do without, live without.

* pasar sin Alguien = spare + Nombre Personal.

* pasar sin comodidades = rough it.

* pasar sin ser visto = sneak + past, sneak through, sneak under + the radar, go + unnoticed.

* pasar + Tiempo = spend + time, spend + Tiempo.

* pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.

* pasar una crisis = face + crisis.

* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.

* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.

* pasar una tarjeta por un lector electrónico = swipe.

* pasar un buen rato = disport + Reflexivo.

* pasar un cuestionario = administer + questionnaire, carry out + questionnaire.

* pasar un rato = say + hi.

* pasar zumbando = whiz.

* pase lo que pase = come what may, come rain or shine, rain or shine, come hell or high water.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?.

* que pasaba = passing.

* que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous.

* ¿qué pasa si... ? = what if... ?.

* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.

* quien no malgasta no pasa necesidades = waste not, want not.

* sin haber pasado por la calandria = uncalendered.

* ¡tener + que pasar por encima de + Posesivo + cadáver! = over + Posesivo + dead body.

* tiempo + pasar = time + march on.

* todavía no ha pasado lo mejor = the best is yet to come.

* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* ver lo que pasa = take it from there/here.

* * *

pasar [A1 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ pasar (verbo intransitivo)

Sentido I

A

1 por un lugar

2 deteniéndose en un lugar

3 caber, entrar

B

1 transmitirse, transferirse

2 comunicar

C entrar

D

1 cambiar de estado, actividad, tema

2 Educación

3 indicando aceptabilidad

E exceder un límite

F

1 pasar por: ser tenido por

2 pasar por: implicar

Sentido II

A

1 transcurrir

2 terminar

B arreglárselas

Sentido III ocurrir, suceder

Sentido IV

A

1 en naipes, juegos

2 rechazando una invitación

B expresando indiferencia

■ pasar (verbo transitivo)

Sentido I

A

1 hacer atravesar

2 pasar por la aduana

3 hacer recorrer

B exhibir, mostrar

C

1 cruzar, atravesar

2 adelantar, sobrepasar

D aprobar: examen

E dar la vuelta a

F tolerar, admitir

G transcribir

H engañar

Sentido II

A entregar, hacer llegar

B contagiar

Sentido III

A pasar: tiempo, día etc

B

1 sufrir, padecer

2 pasarlo bien/mal

■ pasarse (verbo pronominal)

Sentido I

A cambiarse

B

1 ir demasiado lejos

2 excederse

3 lucirse

C

1 pasarse: comestibles

2 Cocina

Sentido II

A desaparecer

B «tiempo»

C olvidarse

Sentido III

A enfático: con idea de continuidad

B enfático: ir

C reflexivo

vi

Sentido I

A

1 (por un lugar) to come/go past

no ha pasado ni un taxi not one taxi has come/gone by o come/gone past

pasó un coche a toda velocidad a car passed at top speed, a car came/went past at top speed, a car shot o sped past

¿a qué hora pasa el lechero? what time does the milkman come?

no aparques aquí, que no pueden pasar otros coches don't park here, other cars won't be able to get past

no dejan pasar a nadie they're not letting anyone through

no dejes pasar esta oportunidad don't miss this chance

pasar de largo to go right o straight past

el autobús venía completo y pasó de largo the bus was full and didn't stop o went right o straight past without stopping

pasó de largo sin siquiera saludar she went right o straight past o ( colloq) she sailed past without even saying hello

pasar POR algo to go THROUGH sth

al pasar por la aduana when you go through customs

prefiero no pasar por el centro I'd rather not go through the city center

el Tajo pasa por Aranjuez the Tagus flows through Aranjuez

hay un vuelo directo, no hace falta pasar por Miami there's a direct flight so you don't have to go via Miami

¿este autobús pasa por el museo? does this bus go past the museum?

¿el 45 pasa por aquí? does the number 45 come this way/stop here?

pasamos justo por delante de su casa we went right past her house

pasaba por aquí y se me ocurrió hacerte una visita I was just passing by o I was in the area and I thought I'd drop in and see you

ni me pasó por la imaginación que fuese a hacerlo it didn't even occur to me o it didn't even cross my mind that she would do it

el país está pasando por momentos difíciles these are difficult times for the country

2 (deteniéndose en un lugar) pasar POR:

¿podríamos pasar por el supermercado? can we stop off at the supermarket?

de camino tengo que pasar por la oficina I have to drop in at o stop by the office on the way

pase usted por caja please go over to the cashier

pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?

pasar A + INF:

puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow

pasaremos a verlos de camino a casa we'll drop by o stop by and see them on the way home, we'll call in o drop in and see them on the way home

3

(caber, entrar): no creo que pase por la puerta, es demasiado ancho I don't think it'll go through o I don't think we'll get it through the door, it's too wide

esta camiseta no me pasa por la cabeza I can't get this T-shirt over my head

B

1

(transmitirse, transferirse): la humedad ha pasado a la habitación de al lado the damp has gone through to the room next door

el título pasa al hijo mayor the title passes o goes to the eldest son

la carta ha ido pasando de mano en mano the letter has been passed around (to everyone)

2

(comunicar): te paso con Javier (en el mismo teléfono) I'll let you speak to Javier, I'll hand o pass you over to Javier; (en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier

C (entrar — acercándose al hablante) to come in; (— alejándose del hablante) to go in

pasa, no te quedes en la puerta come (on) in, don't stand there in the doorway

¿se puede? — pase may I come in? — yes, please do

¡que pase el siguiente! next, please!

ha llegado el señor Díaz — hágalo pasar Mr Díaz is here — show him in please

¡no pasarán! ( fr hecha); they shall not pass!

pueden pasar al comedor you may go through into the dining room

¿puedo pasar al baño? may I use the bathroom please?

¿quién quiere pasar al pizarrón? ( AmL); who's going to come up to the blackboard?

D

1 (cambiar de estado, actividad, tema) pasar ( DE algo) A algo:

en poco tiempo ha pasado del anonimato a la fama in a very short space of time she's gone o shot from obscurity to fame

pasó del quinto al séptimo lugar she went o dropped from fifth to seventh place

ahora pasa a tercera ( Auto) now change into third

pasa a la página 98 continued on page 98

pasando a otra cosa … anyway, to change the subject …

pasar A + INF:

el equipo pasa a ocupar el primer puesto the team moves into first place

pasó a formar parte del equipo en julio she joined the team in July

más tarde pasó a tratar la cuestión de los impuestos later he went on to deal with the question of taxes

pasamos a informar de otras noticias de interés now, the rest of the news

2 ( Educación):

Daniel ya pasa a tercero Daniel will be starting third grade next semester ( AmE), Daniel will be going into the third year next term ( BrE)

si pasas de curso te compro una bicicleta if you get through o pass your end-of-year exams, I'll buy you a bicycle

3

(indicando aceptabilidad): no está perfecto, pero puede pasar it's not perfect, but it'll do

por esta vez (que) pase, pero que no se repita I'll let it pass o go this time, but don't let it happen again

E (exceder un límite) pasar DE algo:

no pases de 100 don't go over 100

fue un pequeño desacuerdo pero no pasó de eso it was nothing more than a slight disagreement, we/they had a slight disagreement, but it was nothing more than that

estuvo muy cortés conmigo pero no pasó de eso he was very polite, but no more

tengo que escribirle, de hoy no pasa I must write to him today without fail

está muy grave, no creo que pase de hoy he's very ill, I don't think he'll last another day

yo diría que no pasa de los 30 I wouldn't say he was more than 30

al principio no pasábamos de nueve empleados there were only nine of us working there/here at the beginning

no pasan de ser palabras vacías they are still nothing but empty words o still only empty words

F pasar por

1

(ser tenido por): pasa por tonto, pero no lo es he might look stupid, but he isn't

podrían pasar por hermanas they could pass for sisters

se hacía pasar por médico he passed himself off as a doctor

se hizo pasar por mi padre he pretended to be my father

2 (implicar) to lie in

la solución pasa por la racionalización de la industria the solution lies in the rationalization of the industry

Sentido II

A «tiempo»

1

(transcurrir): ya han pasado dos horas y aún no ha vuelto it's been two hours now and she still hasn't come back

¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!

por ti no pasan los años you look as young as ever

pasaban las horas y no llegaba the hours went by o passed and still he didn't come

2

(terminar): menos mal que el invierno ya ha pasado thank goodness winter's over

ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over now

no llores, ya pasó don't cry, it's all right now o it's all over now

B

(arreglárselas): ¿compro más o podemos pasar con esto? shall I buy some more or can we get by on o make do with this?

sin electricidad podemos pasar, pero sin agua no we can manage o do without electricity but not without water

Sentido III (ocurrir, suceder) to happen

déjame que te cuente lo que pasó let me tell you what happened

claro que me gustaría ir, lo que pasa es que estoy cansada of course I'd like to go, only I'm really tired o it's just that I'm really tired

lo que pasa es que el jueves no voy a estar the thing is o the problem is I won't be here on Thursday

iré pase lo que pase I'm going whatever happens o come what may

¿qué pasó con lo del reloj? what happened about the watch?

ahora se dan la mano y aquí no ha pasado nada now just shake hands and let's forget the whole thing

en este pueblo nunca pasa nada nothing ever happens in this town

siempre pasa igual or lo mismo it's always the same

¿qué pasa? ¿por qué estás tan serio? what's up o what's the matter? why are you looking so serious?

se lo dije yo ¿pasa algo? I told him, what of it o what's it to you? ( colloq), I told him, do you have a problem with that? ( colloq)

¡hola, Carlos! ¿qué pasa? ( fam); hi, Carlos! how's things o how's it going? ( colloq)

no te hagas mala sangre, son cosas que pasan don't get upset about it, these things happen

(+ me/te/le etc): ¿qué te ha pasado en el ojo? what have you done to your eye?, what's happened to your eye?

¿qué le pasará a Ricardo que tiene tan mala cara? I wonder what's up with o what's the matter with Ricardo? he looks terrible ( colloq)

¿qué te pasa que estás tan callado? why are you so quiet?

¿qué le pasa a la lavadora que no centrifuga? why isn't the washing machine spinning?

no sé qué me pasa I don't know what's wrong o what's the matter with me

eso le pasa a cualquiera that can happen to anybody

el coche quedó destrozado pero a él no le pasó nada the car was wrecked but he escaped unhurt

Sentido IV

A

1 (en naipes, juegos) to pass

paso, no tengo tréboles pass o I can't go, I don't have any clubs

2 ( fam)

(rechazando una invitación, una oportunidad): tómate otra — no, gracias, esta vez paso have another one — no thanks, I'll skip this one o I'll pass on this round ( colloq)

¿vas a tomar postre? — no, yo paso are you going to have a dessert? — no, I think I'll give it a miss o no, I couldn't

pasar DE algo:

esta noche paso de salir, estoy muy cansada I don't feel like going out tonight, I'm very tired ( colloq)

B ( fam)

(expresando indiferencia): que se las arreglen, yo paso they can sort it out themselves, it's not my problem o I don't want anything to do with it

pasar DE algo:

pasa ampliamente de lo que diga la gente she couldn't give a damn about o she couldn't care less what people say ( colloq)

paso mucho de política I couldn't give a damn about politics ( colloq)

pasar DE algn

( esp Esp): paso de él I don't give a damn what he does/what happens to him ( colloq)

mis padres pasan de mí my parents couldn't care less what I do/what happens to me

■ pasar

vt

Sentido I

A

1 (hacer atravesar) pasar algo POR algo:

pasar la salsa por un tamiz put the sauce through a sieve, sieve the sauce

pasé la piña por la licuadora I put the pineapple through the blender, I liquidized o blended the pineapple

pasa el cordón por este agujero thread the shoelace through this hole

2

(por la aduana): ¿cuántas botellas de vino se puede pasar? how many bottles of wine are you allowed to take through?

los pillaron intentando pasar armas they were caught trying to smuggle o bring in arms

3

(hacer recorrer): pasé la aspiradora por el cuarto I vacuumed o ( BrE) tb hoovered the room

ven aquí, que te voy a pasar un peine come here and let me give your hair a quick comb o let me put a comb through your hair

pásale un trapo al piso give the floor a quick wipe, wipe the floor down

pasarlo primero por harina first dip it in flour

a esto hay que pasarle una plancha this needs a quick iron o ( colloq) a quick once-over o run over with the iron

B (exhibir, mostrar) ‹película/anuncio› to show

las chicas que pasaron los modelos the girls who modeled the dresses

C

1 (cruzar, atravesar) ‹frontera› to cross

pasaron el río a nado they swam across the river

esa calle la pasamos hace rato we went past o we passed that street a while back

¿ya hemos pasado Flores? have we been through Flores yet?

2 (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtake

a ver si podemos pasar a este camión why don't we overtake o get past o pass this truck?

está altísimo, ya pasa a su padre he's really tall, he's already overtaken his father

D (aprobar) ‹examen/prueba› to pass

E (dar la vuelta a) ‹página/hoja› to turn

F ( fam)

(tolerar, admitir): esto no te lo paso I'm not letting you get away with this

el profesor no te deja pasar ni una the teacher doesn't let you get away with anything

a ese tipo no lo paso or no lo puedo pasar I can't stand o take that guy ( colloq)

yo el Roquefort no lo paso I can't stand Roquefort, I hate Roquefort

no podía pasar aquella sopa grasienta I couldn't stomach o eat that greasy soup

pasar por alto ‹falta/error› to overlook, forget about; (olvidar, omitir) to forget, leave out, omit, overlook

G

(transcribir): tendré que pasar la carta I'll have to write o copy the letter out again

¿me pasas esto a máquina? could you type this for me?

limpio¹ adj A 3. (↑ limpio (1))

H ( AmL) (engañar) to put one over on ( colloq)

se cree que me va a pasar a mí he thinks he can put one over on me

Sentido II

A

(entregar, hacer llegar): cuando termines el libro, pásaselo a Miguel when you finish the book, pass it on to Miguel

¿me pasas el martillo? can you pass me the hammer?

¿han pasado ya la factura? have they sent the bill yet?, have they billed you/us yet?

le pasó el balón a Gómez he passed the ball to Gómez

el padre le pasa una mensualidad she gets a monthly allowance from her father, her father gives her a monthly allowance

B (contagiar) ‹gripe/resfriado› to give

se lo pasé a toda la familia I gave it to o passed it on to the whole family

Sentido III

A ‹tiempo› to spend

vamos a pasar las Navidades en casa we are going to spend Christmas at home

fuimos a Toledo a pasar el día we went to Toledo for the day

B

1

(sufrir, padecer): pasaron muchas penalidades they went through o suffered a lot of hardship

pasé mucho miedo I was very frightened

¿pasaste frío anoche? were you cold last night?

pasamos hambre en la posguerra we went hungry after the war

está pasando una mala racha he's going through bad times o ( BrE) a bad patch ( colloq)

no sabes las que pasé yo con ese hombre you've no idea what I went through with that man

2

pasarlo or pasarla bien/mal: lo pasa muy mal con los exámenes he gets very nervous o ( colloq) gets in a real state about exams

¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?

Caín, negro¹ (↑ negro (1)), pipa, etc

■ pasarse

v pron

Sentido I

A

(cambiarse): pasarse al enemigo/al bando contrario to go over to the enemy/to the other side

queremos pasarnos a la otra oficina we want to move to the other office

B

1

(ir demasiado lejos): nos hemos pasado, el banco está más arriba we've gone too far, the bank isn't as far down as this

nos pasamos de estación/parada we missed o went past our station/stop

2 ( fam) (excederse) to go too far

esta vez te has pasado you've gone too far this time

no te pases que no estoy para bromas that's enough o don't push your luck ( colloq), I'm not in the mood for jokes

se pasaron con los precios they charged exorbitant prices, the prices they charged were way over the top o way out of line ( colloq)

se pasó con la sal he put too much salt in it, he overdid the salt ( colloq)

pasarse DE algo:

se pasó de listo he tried to be too clever ( colloq)

te pasas de bueno you're too kind for your own good

3

(CS fam) (lucirse): ¡te pasaste! esto está riquísimo you've excelled yourself! this is really delicious ( colloq)

se pasó con ese gol that was a fantastic goal he scored ( colloq)

C

1 «peras/tomates» to go bad, get overripe; «carne/pescado» to go off, go bad; «leche» to go off, go sour

estos plátanos se están pasando these bananas are starting to go bad o to get overripe

2 ( Cocina):

se va a pasar el arroz the rice is going to spoil o get overcooked

no lo dejes pasar de punto don't let it overcook

Sentido II (+ me/te/le etc)

A

(desaparecer): ya se me pasó el dolor the pain's gone o eased now

espera a que se le pase el enojo wait until he's calmed o cooled down

hasta que se le pase la fiebre until her temperature goes down

B

«tiempo»: sus clases se me pasan volando her classes seem to go so quickly

se me pasaron las tres horas casi sin enterarme the three hours flew by almost without my realizing

C

(olvidarse): lo siento, se me pasó totalmente I'm sorry, I completely forgot o it completely slipped my mind

se me pasó su cumpleaños I forgot his birthday

Sentido III

A ( enfático)

(con idea de continuidad): se pasa meses sin ver a su mujer he goes for months at a time o he goes months without seeing his wife, he doesn't see his wife for months on end

se pasa hablando por teléfono ( AmL); he's always on the telephone

me pasé toda la noche estudiando I was up all night studying

es capaz de pasarse el día entero sin probar bocado he can quite easily go the whole day without having a thing to eat

pasárselo bien/mal, etc pasar vt Sense III B 2.

B ( enfático) ( fam)

(ir): pásate por casa y te la presento come round and I'll introduce you to her ( colloq)

¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? could you go down to the market?, could you pop o nip down to the market? ( BrE colloq)

C ( reflexivo):

se pasó la mano por el pelo he ran his fingers through his hair

ni siquiera tuve tiempo de pasarme un peine I didn't even have time to run a comb through my hair o ( BrE) to give my hair a comb

* * *

pasar ( conjugate pasar) verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( ir por un lugar) to come/go past;

◊ no ha pasado ni un taxi not one taxi has come/gone past;

los otros coches no podían pasar the other cars weren't able to get past;
no dejan pasar a nadie they're not letting anyone through;
pasar de largo to go right o straight past;
pasar por la aduana to go through customs;
es un vuelo directo, no pasa por Miami it's a direct flight, it doesn't go via Miami;
¿este autobús pasa por el museo? does this bus go past the museum?;
pasamos por delante de su casa we went past her house;
pasaba por aquí y … I was just passing by o I was in the area and …
b) ( deteniéndose en un lugar):

◊ ¿podríamos pasar por el banco? can we stop off at the bank?;

pasa un día por casa why don't you drop o come by the house sometime?;
puede pasar a recogerlo mañana you can come and pick it up tomorrow
c) ( atravesar) to cross;

◊ pasar de un lado a otro [persona/barco] to go o cross from one side to the other;

[ humedad] to go through from one side to the other
d) ( caber):

◊ no pasará por la puerta it won't go through the door

2 ( entrar — acercándose al hablante) to come in;
(— alejándose del hablante) to go in;
◊ pase, por favor please, do come in;

¡que pase el siguiente! next, please!;
haga pasar al Sr Díaz show Mr Díaz in please
3
a) (transmitirse, transferirse) [corona/título] to pass;

◊ pasó de mano en mano it was passed around (to everyone)

b) ( comunicar):

◊ te paso con Javier ( en el mismo teléfono) I'll hand o pass you over to Javier;

( en otro teléfono) I'll put you through to Javier
4
a) (Educ) to pass;

◊ pasar de curso to get through o pass one's end-of-year exams

b) ( ser aceptable):

◊ no está perfecto, pero puede pasar it's not perfect, but it'll do;

por esta vez, (que) pase I'll let it pass o go this time
5
◊ pasar por

a) ( ser tenido por):

◊ podrían pasar por hermanas they could pass for sisters;

ver tb hacerse II 3
b) ( experimentar) to go through;

◊ pasar por una crisis to go through a crisis

( suceder) to happen;
◊ cuéntame lo que pasó tell me what happened;

lo que pasa es que… the thing o the problem is …;
pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;
siempre pasa igual or lo mismo it's always the same;
¿qué pasa? what's the matter?, what's up? (colloq);
¿qué te pasa? what's the matter with you?;
¿qué te pasó en el ojo? what happened to your eye?;
¿qué le pasa a la tele? what's wrong with the TV?;
eso le pasa a cualquiera that can happen to anybody;
no le pasó nada nothing happened to him
1 ( transcurrir) [tiempo/años] to pass, go by;
◊ pasaron muchos años many years went by o passed;

ya han pasado dos horas it's been two hours now;
un año pasa muy rápido a year goes very quickly;
¡cómo pasa el tiempo! doesn't time fly!
2 ( cesar) [crisis/mal momento] to be over;
[ efecto] to wear off;
[ dolor] to go away
3 ( arreglárselas) pasar sin algo to manage without sth
verbo transitivo
1
a) (cruzar, atravesar) ‹ frontera› to cross;

‹pueblo/ciudad› to go through
b) ( dejar atrás) ‹edificio/calle› to go past

c) (adelantar, sobrepasar) to overtake

2
a) ( hacer atravesar) pasar algo POR algo to put sth through sth;

◊ pasar la salsa por un tamiz to put the sauce through a sieve

b) (por la aduana —legalmente) to take through;

(— ilegalmente) to smuggle
3 ( hacer recorrer):
◊ pasar la aspiradora to vacuum, to hoover (BrE);

pásale un trapo al piso give the floor a quick wipe;
hay que pasarle una plancha it needs a quick iron
4 (exhibir, mostrar) ‹película/anuncio› to show
5 ‹examen/prueba› to pass
6 ‹página/hoja› to turn;
◊ pasar por alto ‹falta/error› to overlook;

‹tema/punto› to leave out, omit
1 (entregar, hacer llegar):
◊ pásaselo a Miguel pass it on to Miguel;

¿me pasas el martillo? can you pass me the hammer?
2 ( contagiar) to give, to pass on
1
a) ‹ tiempo› to spend;

◊ pasamos las Navidades en casa we spent Christmas at home;

fuimos a Toledo a pasar el día we went to Toledo for the day
b) ( con idea de continuidad):

◊ pasé toda la noche en vela I was awake all night;

pasa todo el día al teléfono she spends all day on the phone
c) pasarlo or pasarla bien to have a good time;

◊ ¿qué tal lo pasaste en la fiesta? did you have a good time at the party?, did you enjoy the party?;

lo pasé mal I didn't enjoy myself
2 (sufrir, padecer) ‹penalidades/desgracias› to go through, to suffer;
◊ pasé mucho miedo/frío I was very frightened/cold

pasarse verbo pronominal
1 ( cambiarse):
◊ pasarse al enemigo to go over to the enemy

2
a) ( ir demasiado lejos) to go too far;

◊ nos pasamos de estación we went past our station;

esta vez te has pasado (fam) you've gone too far this time
b) ( enf) (fam) (ir):

◊ pásate por casa come round;

¿podrías pasarte por el mercado? could you go down to the market?
3
a) [peras/tomates] to go bad, get overripe;

[carne/pescado] to go off, go bad;
[ leche] to go off, go sour
b) (recocerse) [arroz/pasta] to get overcooked

1
a) ( desaparecer) [ efecto] to wear off;

[ dolor] to go away;
(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ya se me pasó el dolor the pain's gone o eased now;

espera a que se le pase el enojo wait until he's calmed o cooled down
b) ( transcurrir):

◊ el año se ha pasado muy rápido this year has gone very quickly;

ver tb pasar verbo transitivo III 1
2 (+ me/te/le etc)
a) ( olvidarse):

◊ se me pasó su cumpleaños I forgot his birthday

b) ( dejar escapar):

◊ se me pasó la oportunidad I missed the opportunity

pasar
I verbo transitivo
1 to pass
2 (trasladar) to move
3 (dar) to pass, give: no me pasó el recado, he didn't give me the message
4 (hojas de libro) to turn
5 (el tiempo, la vida) to spend, pass
6 (soportar, sufrir) to suffer, endure: está pasando una crisis personal, she's going through a personal crisis
pasamos sed y calor, we suffered thirst and heat
7 (río, calle, frontera) to cross
8 (tragar) to swallow
9 (tolerar, aguantar) to bear
10 (introducir) to insert, put through
11 (un examen, una eliminatoria) to pass
12 Cine to run, show: este sábado pasan Ben Hur, they're putting Ben Hur on this Saturday
II verbo intransitivo
1 to pass: ¿a qué hora pasa el tren?, what time does the train pass?
Cervantes pasó por aquí, Cervantes passed this way
ya pasó, it has already passed
pasar de largo, to go by (without stopping)
2 (entrar) to come in
3 (ser tolerable) to be acceptable: no está mal, puede pasar, it isn't bad, it will do
4 (exceder) to surpass: no pases de los 70 km/h, don't exceed 70 km/h
5 (a otro asunto) to go on to
pasar a ser, to become
6 (tiempo) to pass, go by
7 (arreglarse, apañarse) pasar sin, to do without: puedo pasar sin coche, I can manage without a car
8 fam (no tener interés, prescindir) pasa de lo que digan, don't mind what they say
paso de ir al cine, I'll give the cinema a miss
9 (suceder) to happen: ¿qué pasa?, what's going on?
¿qué le pasa?, what's the matter with him?
pase lo que pase, whatever happens o come what may
♦ Locuciones: pasar algo a limpio, to make a fair copy of sthg
pasarlo bien/mal, to have a good/difficult time
pasar por, to put up with: paso por que me digas que estoy gorda, pero no pienso tolerar que me amargues cada comida, I can handle you calling me fat, but I'm not having you ruin every single meal for me
pasar por alto, to overlook: pasaré por alto esa observación, I'll just ignore that remark
' pasar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
achicharrarse
- ahorrar
- amarga
- amargo
- aro
- blanca
- blanco
- bondad
- cabalgata
- cadáver
- calor
- cocerse
- colar
- desapercibida
- desapercibido
- desfilar
- deslizar
- entretenerse
- historia
- inadvertida
- inadvertido
- inri
- mayor
- meneo
- noche
- penalidad
- posibilidad
- privación
- rato
- relámpago
- revista
- rozar
- salvar
- suceder
- superar
- suplantar
- suprimir
- tamiz
- tener
- tesorería
- tirarse
- torniquete
- trago
- verter
- vestidura
- vicaría
- vida
- vivir
- adiós
- alcanzar
English:
ask in
- bootleg
- bring in
- brush
- buck
- by
- call
- clamber
- clear
- come
- come by
- come on to
- decide on
- discount
- do without
- drag
- dread
- drive-through
- elapse
- embarrassment
- envisage
- envision
- fashion
- fill in
- fly
- fore
- gallop past
- get by
- get on to
- get onto
- get past
- get through
- gloss over
- go
- go along
- go by
- go on
- go out
- go through
- go under
- graze
- hand on
- hang out
- happen
- have
- hibernate
- hideous
- holiday
- Hoover
- hungry

* * *

pasar

♦ vt

1. [dar, transmitir] to pass;
[noticia, aviso] to pass on;
¿me pasas la sal? would you pass me the salt?;

pásame toda la información que tengas give me o let me have all the information you've got;

no se preocupe, yo le paso el recado don't worry, I'll pass on the message to him;

páseme con el encargado [al teléfono] could you put me through to o could I speak to the person in charge?;

le paso (con él) [al teléfono] I'll put you through (to him);

Valdez pasó el balón al portero Valdez passed the ball (back) to the keeper;

pasan sus conocimientos de generación en generación they pass down their knowledge from one generation to the next;

el Estado le pasa una pensión she gets a pension from the State;

pasar harina por un cedazo to sieve flour;

pasar leche por el colador to strain milk;

pasa la cuerda por ese agujero pass the rope through this hole;

hay que pasar las maletas por la máquina de rayos X your luggage has to go through the X-ray machine;

pase las croquetas por huevo coat the croquettes with egg;

pasar el cepillo por el suelo to scrub the floor;

pasa un paño por la mesa give the table a wipe with a cloth;

unas vacaciones pasadas por agua a Br holiday o US vacation when it rained the whole time;

se dedican a pasar tabaco de contrabando/inmigrantes ilegales por la frontera they smuggle tobacco/illegal immigrants across the border

2. [contagiar]
pasar algo a alguien to give sb sth, to give sth to sb;

me has pasado el resfriado you've given me your cold

3. [cruzar] to cross;

pasar la calle/la frontera to cross the road/border;

pasé el río a nado I swam across the river

4. [rebasar, sobrepasar] [en el espacio, tiempo] to go through;

¿hemos pasado ya la frontera? have we gone past o crossed the border yet?;

pasar un semáforo en rojo to go through a red light;

al pasar el parque gire a su izquierda once you're past the park, turn left, turn left after the park;

cuando el automóvil pase los primeros cinco años debe ir a revisión the car should be serviced after five years;

ya ha pasado los veinticinco he's over twenty-five now;

mi hijo me pasa ya dos centímetros my son is already two centimetres taller than me

5. [adelantar] [corredores, vehículos] to overtake;

pasa a esa furgoneta en cuanto puedas overtake that van as soon as you can

6. [trasladar]
pasar algo a to move sth to;

hay que pasar todos estos libros al estudio we have to take all these books through to the study, we have to move all these books to the study

7. [conducir adentro] to show in;

el criado nos pasó al salón the butler showed us into the living-room

8. [hacer avanzar] [páginas de libro] to turn;
[hojas sueltas] to turn over;
Comp

pasar página to make a fresh start

9. [mostrar] [película, diapositivas, reportaje] to show

10. [emplear] [tiempo] to spend;

pasó dos años en Roma he spent two years in Rome;

¿dónde vas a pasar las vacaciones? where are you going on holiday o US vacation?, where are you going to spend your holidays o US vacation?;

pasé la noche trabajando I worked all night, I spent the whole night working;

he pasado muy buenos ratos con él I've had some very good times with him

11. [experimentar] to go through, to experience;

hemos pasado una racha muy mala we've gone o been through a very bad spell o Br patch;

pasar frío/miedo to be cold/scared;

¿has pasado la varicela? have you had chickenpox?;

¿qué tal lo has pasado? did you have a nice time?, did you enjoy yourselves?;

pasarlo bien to enjoy oneself, to have a good time;

¡que lo pases bien! have a nice time!, enjoy yourself!;

lo hemos pasado muy mal últimamente we've had a hard time of it recently;

Comp
Fam
pasarlas canutas to have a rough time

12. [superar] to pass;

muy pocos pasaron el examen/la prueba very few people passed the exam/test;

hay que pasar un reconocimiento médico you have to pass a medical;

no pasamos la eliminatoria we didn't get through the tie

13. [consentir]
pasar algo a alguien to let sb get away with sth;

que me engañes no te lo paso I'm not going to let you get away with cheating me;

este profesor no te deja pasar (ni) una you can't get away with anything with this teacher;

pasar algo por alto [adrede] to pass over sth;
[sin querer] to miss sth out
14. [transcribir]
pasar algo a limpio to make a fair copy of sth, to write sth out neatly;

yo te lo paso a máquina I'll type it up for you;

pasar un documento Esp [m5] al ordenador o Am [m5] a la computadora to type o key a document (up) on the computer

15. RP Fam [engañar] to diddle;

están siempre tratando de pasarte con el vuelto they always try to short-change you o diddle you over the change

♦ vi

1. [ir, moverse] to pass, to go;

vimos pasar a un hombre corriendo we saw a man run past;

¿cuándo pasa el camión de la basura? when do the Br dustmen o US garbage collectors come?;

deja pasar a la ambulancia let the ambulance past;

¿me deja pasar, por favor? may I come past, please?;

pasó por mi lado he passed by my side;

he pasado por tu calle I went down your street;

el autobús pasa por mi casa the bus passes in front of o goes past my house;

¿qué autobuses pasan por aquí? which buses go past here?, which buses can you catch from here?;

el Támesis pasa por Londres the Thames flows through London;

yo sólo pasaba por aquí I was just passing by;

pasaba por allí y entré a saludar I was in the area, so I stopped by to say hello;

pasar de largo to go straight by

2. [entrar] to go/come in;

pasen por aquí, por favor come this way, please;

lo siento, no se puede pasar sorry, you can't go in there/come in here;

pasamos a un salón muy grande we entered a very large living-room;

¿puedo pasar? may I come in?;

¿puedo pasar al cuarto de baño? can I use the bathroom?;

¡pase!, Méx [m5]¡pásale/pásele! come in!;

hazlos pasar show them in;
RP
pasar al pizarrón to go/come to the blackboard

3. [caber] to go ( por through);
por ahí no pasa este armario this wardrobe won't go through there

4. [acercarse, ir un momento] to pop in;

pasaré por mi oficina/por tu casa I'll pop into my office/round to your place;

pasa por la farmacia y compra aspirinas pop into the Br chemist's o US pharmacy and buy some aspirin;

pasé a verla al hospital I dropped in at the hospital to see her;

pase a por el vestido o [m5] a recoger el vestido el lunes you can come and pick the dress up on Monday

5. [suceder] to happen;

¿qué pasa aquí? what's going on here?;

¿qué pasa? [¿qué ocurre?] what's the matter?;
Fam [al saludar a alguien] how's it going?; Méx Fam
¿qué pasó? [¿qué tal?] how's it going?;

¿qué pasa con esas cervezas? where have those beers got to?, what's happened to those beers?;

no te preocupes, no pasa nada don't worry, it's OK;

aquí nunca pasa nada nothing ever happens here;

¿qué le pasa? what's wrong with him?, what's the matter with him?;

¿le pasó algo al niño? did something happen to the child?;

¿qué te pasa en la pierna? what's wrong with your leg?;

eso te pasa por mentir that's what you get for lying;

lo que pasa es que… the thing is…;

pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;

siempre pasa lo mismo, pasa lo de siempre it's always the same;

dense la mano y aquí no ha pasado nada shake hands and just forget the whole thing (as if it had never happened)

6. [terminar] to be over;

pasó la Navidad Christmas is over;

ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over now;

cuando pase el dolor when the pain passes o stops;

la tormenta ya ha pasado the storm is over now;

el efecto de estos fármacos pasa enseguida these drugs wear off quickly

7. [transcurrir] to go by;

pasaron tres meses three months went by;

cuando pase un rato te tomas esta pastilla take this tablet after a little while;

¡cómo pasa el tiempo! time flies!

8. [cambiar]
pasar de… a… [de lugar, estado, propietario] to go o pass from… to…;

pasamos del último puesto al décimo we went (up) from last place to tenth;

pasa de la depresión a la euforia she goes from depression to euphoria;

pasó a formar parte del nuevo equipo he joined the new team;

pasar a [nueva actividad, nuevo tema] to move on to;

pasemos a otra cosa let's move on to something else;

ahora pasaré a explicarles cómo funciona esta máquina now I'm going to explain to you how this machine works;

Alicia pasa a (ser) jefa de personal Alicia will become personnel manager;

pasar de curso o [m5] al siguiente curso = to pass one's end-of-year exams and move up a year

9. [ir más allá, sobrepasar]
si pasas de 160, vibra el volante if you go faster than 160, the steering wheel starts to vibrate;

yo creo que no pasa de los cuarenta años I doubt she's older than forty;

no pasó de ser un aparatoso accidente sin consecuencias the accident was spectacular but no-one was hurt

10. [conformarse, apañarse]
pasar (con/sin algo) to make do (with/without sth);

tendrá que pasar sin coche she'll have to make do without a car;

¿cómo puedes pasar toda la mañana sólo con un café? how can you last all morning on just a cup of coffee?;

no sabe pasar sin su familia he can't cope without his family

11. [experimentar]
hemos pasado por situaciones de alto riesgo we have been in some highly dangerous situations

12. [tolerar]
pasar por algo to put up with sth;

¡yo por ahí no paso! I draw the line at that!

13. [ser considerado]
pasa por ser uno de los mejores tenistas del momento he is considered to be one of the best tennis players around at the moment;

hacerse pasar por alguien/algo to pretend to be sb/sth, to pass oneself off as sb/sth

14. Fam [prescindir]
pasar de algo/alguien to want nothing to do with sth/sb;

paso de política I'm not into politics;

¡ése pasa de todo! he couldn't care less about anything!;

paso de ir al cine hoy I can't be bothered going to o Br I don't fancy the cinema today;

paso olímpicamente o [m5] ampliamente de hacerlo I'm damned if I'm going to do it

15. [en naipes] to pass

16. [servir, valer]
puede pasar it'll do;

por esta vez pase, pero que no vuelva a ocurrir I'll overlook it this time, but I don't want it to happen again

17. Méx Fam [gustar]
me pasa ese cantante I think that singer's great

♦ See also the pronominal verb pasarse

* * *

pasar

I v/t

1 pass;

pasar la mano por run one’s hand through

2 el tiempo spend;

para pasar el tiempo (in order) to pass the time;

pasarlo bien have a good time;

¡que lo pases bien!, ¡a pasarlo bien! enjoy yourself!, have fun o a good time!

3 un lugar pass, go past; frontera cross

4 problemas, dificultades experience

5 AUTO ( adelantar) pass, Br

overtake

6 una película show

7 TELEC

:

le paso al Sr. Galvez I’ll put you through to Mr. Galvez

8

:

pasar algo a máquina type sth

II v/i

1 ( suceder) happen;

¿qué ha pasado? what’s happened?;

¿qué pasa? what’s happening?, what’s going on?;

¿qué te pasa? what’s the matter?;

pase lo que pase whatever happens, come what may;

ya ha pasado lo peor the worst is over;

en el viaje nos pasó de todo fam just about everything happened on that trip, it was a very eventful trip

2 en juegos pass

3

:

¡pasa!, ¡pase usted! come in!;

pasé a visitarla I dropped by to see her;

pasar por go by;

pasa por aquí come this way;

pasé por la tienda I stopped off at the shop;

pasaré por tu casa I’ll drop by your house

4

:

dejar pasar oportunidad miss

5 fam

:

pasar de alguien not want anything to do with s.o.;

paso de ir al gimnasio I can’t be bothered to go to the gym

6

:

pasar de los 60 años be over 60 (years old);

pasar de moda go out of fashion;

hacerse pasar por pass o.s. off as;

poder pasar sin algo be able to get by o to manage without sth;

puede pasar it’s OK, it’ll do

* * *

pasar vi

1) : to pass, to go by, to come by

2) : to come in, to enter

¿se puede pasar?: may we come in?

3) : to happen

¿qué pasa?: what's happening?, what's going on?

4) : to manage, to get by

5) : to be over, to end

6)

pasar de : to exceed, to go beyond

7)

pasar por : to pretend to be

pasar vt

1) : to pass, to give

¿me pasas la sal?: would you pass me the salt?

2) : to pass (a test)

3) : to go over, to cross

4) : to spend (time)

5) : to tolerate

6) : to go through, to suffer

7) : to show (a movie, etc.)

8) : to overtake, to pass, to surpass

9) : to pass over, to wipe up

10)

pasarlo bien or

pasarla bien : to have a good time

11)

pasarlo mal or

pasarla mal : to have a bad time, to have a hard time

12)

pasar por alto : to overlook, to omit

♦ See also the reflexive verb pasarse

* * *

pasar vb

1. (entrar) to go in / to come in [pt. came; pp. come]

pasó sin llamar he went in without knocking

¡pase! come in!

2. (transcurrir) to pass / to go by

la tarde pasó lentamente the afternoon went by slowly

3. (ocupar un tiempo) to spend [pt. & pp. spent]

pasamos el día juntos we spent the day together

4. (andar, moverse) to pass / to go past

pasó por delante del restaurante she went past the restaurant

¿por dónde pasa el autobús? which way does the bus go?

por mi pueblo pasa un río a river runs through my village

¿a qué hora pasa el tren? what time's the train?

5. (ir, visitar) to go / to stop by [pt. & pp. stopped] / to go

pasaré por la tienda mañana I'll go to the shop tomorrow

pasaré por tu casa I'll stop by your house

6. (cruzar) to cross

cuidado al pasar la calle be careful when you cross the road

7. (dar, hacer llegar) to pass / to give [pt. gave; pp. given]

¿me pasas la sal? can you pass the salt?

8. (llevar, mover) to move

pasaron los muebles a la otra habitación they moved the furniture into the other room

9. (sufrir) to be / to have

pasamos mucho frío we were very cold

todos hemos pasado la gripe we've all had the flu

10. (aprobar) to pass

pasó el examen de conducir he passed his driving test

11. (deslizar)

pasó la mano por el pelo de la niña she stroked the little girl's hair

pasa este trapo por los muebles give the furniture a wipe with this cloth

12. (terminar) to be over

ya ha pasado el calor the hot weather is over now

13. (arreglárselas) to manage / to get by

podemos pasar con muy poco we can manage with very little

no puede pasar sin el teléfono móvil she can't manage without her mobile phone

14. (ocurrir) to happen

¿qué te ha pasado? what happened to you?

¿qué pasa? what's going on? / what's the matter?

15. (cambiar) to change / to go

ha pasado de ser jugador a entrenador he's gone from being a player to manager

16. (exceder) to be over

pasa ya de los sesenta he's over seventy

pasar / pasar de algo not to care / not to be bothered

paso de comer I can't be bothered to eat

pasa de la política he couldn't care less about politics

pasarlo bien to have a good time

pasarlo mal to have a hard time

pasar por alto to overlook

Spanish-English dictionary > pasar

6 más

conj.

but.

* * *

mas

► conjunción

1 but

* * *

conj.

but

* * *

CONJ but

* * *

conjunción (liter) but

* * *

= extra, more, plus, topmost [top most].

Ex. Each step of subdivision involves an extra character (see below).

Ex. The command function 'MORE' is used to request the system to display more information, for instance to continue the alphabetical display of terms.

Ex. All of these (except PREVIOUS and NEXT), plus some additional commands are also available from the Command Menu.

Ex. A list of the topmost cited papers of the Proceedings is presented.

----

* acercarse aun más = bring + closer together, come closer together, draw + closer together.

* acercarse más aun = bring + closer together, come closer together, draw + closer together.

* ahora más que nunca = now more than ever.

* alcanzar cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights.

* algo más = anything else.

* algunos años más tarde = some years on.

* a más largo plazo = longer-term.

* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* a más tardar = at the latest.

* análisis más minucioso = closer examination.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* aún más = Verbo + further, even further, all the more, further, furthermore, beyond that, a fortiori.

* bastante más = rather more.

* cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.

* cada vez más abultado = swelling.

* cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.

* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.

* cada vez más estricto = tightening.

* cada vez más extendido = spreading.

* cada vez más fácil = ever easier.

* cada vez más lejos = further and further.

* cada vez más rápido = ever faster.

* cada vez más tenue = fading.

* cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].

* citado más arriba = above.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.

* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.

* con más frecuencia = most frequently.

* con más razón aún = a fortiori.

* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.

* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.

* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].

* con un filo más pronunciado = sharper-edged.

* correr más deprisa que = outrun [out-run].

* costumbre cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.

* cuanto más = all the more so, all the more, a fortiori.

* cuanto más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* cuantos más, mejor = the more the merrier, the more the better.

* cuya fecha se anunciará más adelante = at a time to be announced later.

* cuya fecha se determinará más adelante = at a time to be determined later.

* dar a Algo más importancia de la que tiene = oversell.

* dar más de sí = go further.

* dar más explicaciones = elaborate on.

* darse una situación más esperanzadora = sound + a note of hope.

* decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de lo más = very.

* de lo más + Adjetivo = most + Adjetivo.

* demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure, build + pressure.

* de más = extra, one too many.

* de más arriba = topmost [top most].

* desarrollar aun más = develop + further.

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.

* de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.

* dicho más arriba, lo = foregoing, the.

* distanciar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.

* dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.

* durante las horas de más calor = during the heat of the day.

* durar más que = outlive.

* el más = all-time.

* el más adecuado = ideally suited.

* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.

* el más allá = hereafter.

* el más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.

* el más leído = the most widely read.

* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.

* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.

* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

* en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.

* enfrascado en lo más difícil = in at the deep end.

* enfrascar a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end, throw in + at the deep end.

* enfrascarse en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* en lo más mínimo = not in the least + Nombre Negativo.

* en más de una ocasión = on more than one occasion, in more than one instance, in more than one occasion.

* en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.

* en su forma más básica = at its most basic.

* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en su punto más álgido = at its height.

* en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en tiempos más recientes = in more recent times.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.

* en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.

* es más = more important, moreover.

* examen más minucioso = closer examination.

* examinar más detenidamente = look + closer, take + a closer look at, take + a close look.

* examinar más minuciosamente = examine + in greater detail.

* explicar un Tema con más detalle = expand upon/on + Tema.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* ganar cada vez más importancia = go from + strength to strength.

* gastar más de la cuenta = overspend.

* gastarse más dinero = dig + deep.

* haber todavía más = there + be + more to it than that.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacerlo más llevadero = make + life easier.

* hacer más consciente de Algo = heighten + awareness.

* hacer más copias de Algo = produce + additional copies.

* hacer más estricto = tighten.

* hacer más fuerte = toughen.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacer más riguroso = tighten, tightening up.

* hacer más sofisticado = dumb up.

* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.

* hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* hacerse más complejo = grow in + complexity, gain in + complexity.

* hacerse más corto = grow + shorter.

* hacerse más fuerte = gain in + strength, grow in + strength.

* hacerse más inteligente = smarten up.

* herir en lo más profundo = cut to + the heart of, cut to + the quick.

* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.

* incluso yendo más lejos = even farther afield.

* invertir más dinero = dig + deep.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.

* la parte más importante = the heart of.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* libro más vendido = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].

* lista de más populares = chart.

* lista de más vendidos = chart.

* llegar más lejos = stretch + further.

* llevar aún más lejos = carry + one step further.

* llevar + Nombre + aún más lejos = take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther.

* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más destacado = highlights.

* lo más detestado = pet hate.

* lo más importante = most of all.

* lo más interesante = highlights.

* lo más mínimo = so much as.

* lo más novedoso = the last word.

* lo más odiado = pet hate.

* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más probable es que = most probably.

* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.

* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.

* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.

* lo que es más importante = most importantly, most of all, more importantly, most important.

* los más necesitados = those most in need.

* más acomodados, los = better off, the.

* más adelante = later, further along, later on, in due time, at a later date.

* más afilado que una navaja = as sharp as a knife.

* más afilado que un cuchillo = as sharp as a knife.

* más alegre que unas castañuelas = as happy as Larry.

* más alejado = further afield, furthest away.

* más allá = further than, farther, yonder, beyond that.

* más allá de = beyond, beyond all, past, beyond the range of.

* más allá de cualquier duda = beyond any doubt, beyond any doubt.

* más allá de eso = beyond that.

* más allá de la obligación = beyond the call of duty.

* más allá del deber = beyond the call of duty.

* más allá de ninguna duda = beyond doubt, beyond doubt, beyond any doubt.

* más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, beyond any doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.

* más allá, el = afterlife [after-life], land of the dead, the.

* más antiguo = longest-serving.

* más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.

* más anunciado = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA].

* más apreciado = long-cherished.

* más aun = nay, beyond that, furthermore.

* más bien = if you like, instead.

* más bien bajo = shortish.

* más bien corto = shortish.

* más bien pequeño = smallish.

* más bien todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* más borracho que una cuba = as drunk as a lord, as drunk as a newt, as drunk as a skunk.

* más bueno que un pan = as good as gold.

* más cerca de = more nearly.

* más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más complejo de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* más complicado de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* más común = mainstream.

* más concretamente = more to the point.

* más conocido = best known, best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA], mainstream.

* más conocido como = better known as.

* más contento que unas castañuela = as happy as Larry.

* más contento que unas pascuas = as happy as Larry.

* Posesivo + más cordial enhorabuena = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* más corto que las mangas de una chaleco = as daft as a brush.

* más corto que las mangas de un chaleco = as thick as two (short) planks, as shy as shy can be, as thick as a brick, knucklehead.

* más débil de la camada, el = runt of the litter, the.

* más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.

* más de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad, over + Cantidad, more than + Cantidad, upwards of + Cantidad.

* más del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* más de la cuenta = one too many.

* más de la mayoría de los + Nombre = more than most + Nombre.

* más de lo mismo = more of the same.

* más demandado = most demanded.

* más dentro = further into.

* más destacado = foremost.

* más de una vez = more than once.

* más de un ISBN = more than one ISBN.

* más de un millón = million-plus.

* más de unos cuantos + Nombre = not a few + Nombre.

* más difundido = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA].

* más duradero = longer-lasting.

* más duro que la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* más exactamente = more nearly.

* más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.

* más frío que el mármol = as cold as ice.

* más frío que la nieve = as cold as ice.

* más frío que un témpano (de hielo) = as cold as ice.

* más fuerte que un roble = as strong as an ox.

* más fuerte que un toro = as strong as an ox.

* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.

* más grande = greater.

* más hambre que el perro de un ciego = as hungry as a wolf, as hungry as a bear, as hungry as a hunter.

* más hambre que un maestro de escuela = as hungry as a wolf, as hungry as a bear, as hungry as a hunter.

* más importante = foremost.

* más importante aun = more significantly.

* más información = further information, further details.

* más íntimo = innermost.

* más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.

* más lejos = further afield, further away, furthest away.

* más meridional = southernmost.

* más necesitado = most in need.

* más occidental = westernmost.

* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take, ballpark.

* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.

* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.

* más perdedor = losingest.

* más perenne = longer-lasting.

* más permanente = longer-lasting.

* más prestigioso = top-rated, top-ranked.

* más profundo = innermost.

* más que = more... than..., rather than.

* más que antes = more than ever, more... than ever before, more than ever before.

* más que la suma de sus partes = Comparativo + than the sum of its parts.

* más quemado que la pipa (de) un indio = completely burned-out, totally burned-out.

* más que muerto = dead and buried.

* más que nada = more than anything else.

* más que ninguna otra cosa = beyond all else.

* más que nunca = more than ever before, more than ever.

* más que nunca antes = more... than ever before, more than ever before, more than ever.

* más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.

* más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.

* más recientemente = in more recent times, more recently.

* más recóndito = innermost.

* más secreto = innermost.

* más septentrional = northernmost.

* Posesivo + más sinceras felicitaciones = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* más sincero + Nombre = deeply felt + Nombre.

* más sordo que una tapia = as deaf as a post.

* más suave que el terciopelo = as soft as velvet.

* más suave que la seda = as soft as silk.

* más tarde = later on.

* más tarde o más temprano = sooner or later, at one time or another.

* más todavía = all the more so.

* más usado = most heavily used.

* más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).

* más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

* más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.

* más vale que + Subjuntivo = might + as well + Verbo.

* más vale tarde que nunca = better late than never.

* más valorado = highly valued.

* más vendido = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.

* más veterano, el = seniormost, the.

* más viejo que Matusalén = as old as Methuselah, as old as the hills, as old as the hills.

* más votado = top-rated, top-ranked.

* materia más general = broader subject.

* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick.

* meter a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end, throw in + at the deep end.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* metido en lo más difícil = in at the deep end.

* mientras más, mejor = the more the merrier, the more the better.

* mirada más de cerca = closer look.

* miseria más absoluta = abject poverty.

* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.

* muchísimo más = a whole lot more, an awful lot more.

* muchísimo más + Adjetivo = infinitely + Adjetivo.

* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.

* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo.

* mucho más + Adverbio = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.

* mucho más cerca = far closer.

* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.

* mucho más rápido = far faster.

* muchos más = a great many more.

* nada + estar + más apartado de la realidad = nothing + can + be further from the truth, nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada + estar + más lejos de la realidad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada + estar + más lejos de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada más = anything else, nothing else.

* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.

* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.

* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.

* nada puede estar más alejado de la realidad = nothing can be further from the truth.

* nadie más = nobody else.

* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.

* no aguantar más = have had enough.

* no dar más de sí = stretch + Nombre + to the limit, overstretch.

* no hacer más que = do + no more than.

* no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.

* no más que = in any more than.

* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.

* no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.

* no saber qué más hacer = be at + Posesivo + wit's end.

* no ser lo más adecuado para = ill suited to/for.

* no ser más que = be nothing more than, be nothing but.

* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.

* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.

* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.

* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* Número + de más = Número + too many.

* Número + veces más = Número + times as many.

* Número + veces más de = Número + times the number of.

* nunca más = never again.

* observar con más detalle = closer look.

* optar por la solución más fácil = take + the easy way out.

* otro + Nombre + más = further + Nombre, yet another + Nombre.

* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.

* pagar más de lo que se debería = overpay.

* para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para hacer más fácil = for ease of.

* para más información = for further details.

* para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.

* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.

* poco más = little else.

* poner más fuerte = crank up.

* ¡por lo más quieras! = Not on your life!.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* Posesivo + más cordial enhorabuena = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* Posesivo + más sinceras felicitaciones = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* precio de coste más margen de beneficios = cost-plus pricing.

* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.

* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* qué más = what else.

* que no da más de sí = overstretched.

* ¿quién más...? = who else...?.

* rechazar sin más = dismiss + out of hand.

* redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.

* requerir más destreza = be more of an art.

* sacar más partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sentir más ganas de hacer Algo = grow in + appetite.

* sentirse más seguro de = gain + confidence (with/in).

* separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.

* ser aun más = be all the more.

* ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* ser el punto más débil de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.

* ser el punto más flaco de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.

* ser lo más parecido a = be as close as we come to.

* ser lo que a Uno más le gusta = be + Posesivo + big scene.

* ser más interno = inner being.

* ser más un + Nombre = be more of a + Nombre.

* ser mucho más = be all the more.

* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.

* siempre querer más = enough + be + not/never + enough.

* signo más (+) = addition sign (+), plus sign (+).

* sin la más mínima duda = without the shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* sin más = out of hand, unceremoniously, unceremonious.

* sin más dilación = without (any) further ado, without (any) more ado, without warning.

* sin más ni más = unceremoniously, unceremonious, for the love of it, without much ado.

* sin más preámbulos = without (any) further ado, without (any) more ado.

* sino más bien = rather.

* sino (que) más bien = but rather.

* supervivencia del más fuerte = survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* tarifa especial más barata = discount charge.

* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.

* término más específico = narrower term.

* todavía más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo.

* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.

* una imagen vale más que mil palabras = a picture is worth more than ten thousand words.

* una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel.

* una vez más = again, yet again.

* uno de los + Nombre + más + Adjetivo = not the least + Adjetivo + Nombre, not the least of the + Adjetivo + Nombre.

* uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.

* uno de mas = one too many.

* uno más = one of equals.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the machine.

* unos días más tarde = a few days later.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* vender a un precio más barato que = undercut.

* vender más barato = undercut.

* venderse más que = outsell.

* venta a un precio más barato = undercutting.

* y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.

* y más adelante = and beyond.

* y más allá = and beyond.

* y mucho más = and much more.

* y mucho(s) más = and more.

* y poco más = and little more.

* ¡y qué más da! = so what!.

* y unos cuantos más = and a few others.

* * *

conjunción (liter) but

* * *

= extra, more, plus, topmost [top most].

Ex: Each step of subdivision involves an extra character (see below).

Ex: The command function 'MORE' is used to request the system to display more information, for instance to continue the alphabetical display of terms.

Ex: All of these (except PREVIOUS and NEXT), plus some additional commands are also available from the Command Menu.

Ex: A list of the topmost cited papers of the Proceedings is presented.

* acercarse aun más = bring + closer together, come closer together, draw + closer together.

* acercarse más aun = bring + closer together, come closer together, draw + closer together.

* ahora más que nunca = now more than ever.

* alcanzar cotas más altas = raise to + greater heights.

* algo más = anything else.

* algunos años más tarde = some years on.

* a más largo plazo = longer-term.

* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* a más tardar = at the latest.

* análisis más minucioso = closer examination.

* aprender de la forma más difícil = learn + the hard way.

* aún más = Verbo + further, even further, all the more, further, furthermore, beyond that, a fortiori.

* bastante más = rather more.

* cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.

* cada vez más abultado = swelling.

* cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.

* cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.

* cada vez más estricto = tightening.

* cada vez más extendido = spreading.

* cada vez más fácil = ever easier.

* cada vez más lejos = further and further.

* cada vez más rápido = ever faster.

* cada vez más tenue = fading.

* cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].

* citado más arriba = above.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* con más antigüedad = longest-serving.

* con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.

* con más frecuencia = most frequently.

* con más razón aún = a fortiori.

* con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.

* con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.

* con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].

* con un filo más pronunciado = sharper-edged.

* correr más deprisa que = outrun [out-run].

* costumbre cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.

* cuanto más = all the more so, all the more, a fortiori.

* cuanto más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....

* cuantos más, mejor = the more the merrier, the more the better.

* cuya fecha se anunciará más adelante = at a time to be announced later.

* cuya fecha se determinará más adelante = at a time to be determined later.

* dar a Algo más importancia de la que tiene = oversell.

* dar más de sí = go further.

* dar más explicaciones = elaborate on.

* darse una situación más esperanzadora = sound + a note of hope.

* decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de lo más = very.

* de lo más + Adjetivo = most + Adjetivo.

* demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure, build + pressure.

* de más = extra, one too many.

* de más arriba = topmost [top most].

* desarrollar aun más = develop + further.

* desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.

* desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.

* de una manera más sencilla = in digestible form.

* dicho más arriba, lo = foregoing, the.

* distanciar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.

* dominio de las personas con más edad = senior power.

* durante las horas de más calor = during the heat of the day.

* durar más que = outlive.

* el más = all-time.

* el más adecuado = ideally suited.

* el más + Adjetivo = the most + Adjetivo.

* el más allá = hereafter.

* el más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el más favorito del mes = pick of the month.

* el más leído = the most widely read.

* el más recomendado = best of breed, the.

* el + Nombre + más completo = the + Nombre + to end all + Nombre.

* el no va más = the be all and end all, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* el punto más bajo = rock-bottom.

* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

* en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.

* enfrascado en lo más difícil = in at the deep end.

* enfrascar a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end, throw in + at the deep end.

* enfrascarse en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* en lo más mínimo = not in the least + Nombre Negativo.

* en más de una ocasión = on more than one occasion, in more than one instance, in more than one occasion.

* en más de un sentido = in more ways than one.

* en su forma más básica = at its most basic.

* en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en su punto más álgido = at its height.

* en su punto más bajo = at its lowest ebb.

* en tiempos más recientes = in more recent times.

* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.

* en un sentido más amplio = in a broader sense, in a larger sense.

* en un sentido más general = in a broader sense.

* es más = more important, moreover.

* examen más minucioso = closer examination.

* examinar más detenidamente = look + closer, take + a closer look at, take + a close look.

* examinar más minuciosamente = examine + in greater detail.

* explicar un Tema con más detalle = expand upon/on + Tema.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* ganar cada vez más importancia = go from + strength to strength.

* gastar más de la cuenta = overspend.

* gastarse más dinero = dig + deep.

* haber todavía más = there + be + more to it than that.

* hacer las leyes más estrictas = tighten + laws.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacerlo más llevadero = make + life easier.

* hacer más consciente de Algo = heighten + awareness.

* hacer más copias de Algo = produce + additional copies.

* hacer más estricto = tighten.

* hacer más fuerte = toughen.

* hacer más preciso = tightening up.

* hacer más rico = add + richness to.

* hacer más riguroso = tighten, tightening up.

* hacer más sofisticado = dumb up.

* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.

* hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* hacerse más complejo = grow in + complexity, gain in + complexity.

* hacerse más corto = grow + shorter.

* hacerse más fuerte = gain in + strength, grow in + strength.

* hacerse más inteligente = smarten up.

* herir en lo más profundo = cut to + the heart of, cut to + the quick.

* horario de apertura más amplio = extended hours.

* incluso yendo más lejos = even farther afield.

* invertir más dinero = dig + deep.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* la parte más dura de = brunt of, the.

* la parte más importante = the heart of.

* ley del más fuerte, la = law of the jungle, the, survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* libro más vendido = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].

* lista de más populares = chart.

* lista de más vendidos = chart.

* llegar más lejos = stretch + further.

* llevar aún más lejos = carry + one step further.

* llevar + Nombre + aún más lejos = take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther.

* lo más cercano a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más destacado = highlights.

* lo más detestado = pet hate.

* lo más importante = most of all.

* lo más interesante = highlights.

* lo más mínimo = so much as.

* lo más novedoso = the last word.

* lo más odiado = pet hate.

* lo más parecido a = the nearest thing to.

* lo más probable es que = most probably.

* lo más recio de = brunt of, the.

* lo más recóndito = nooks and crannies.

* lo que es más = what is more, what's more.

* lo que es más importante = most importantly, most of all, more importantly, most important.

* los más necesitados = those most in need.

* más acomodados, los = better off, the.

* más adelante = later, further along, later on, in due time, at a later date.

* más afilado que una navaja = as sharp as a knife.

* más afilado que un cuchillo = as sharp as a knife.

* más alegre que unas castañuelas = as happy as Larry.

* más alejado = further afield, furthest away.

* más allá = further than, farther, yonder, beyond that.

* más allá de = beyond, beyond all, past, beyond the range of.

* más allá de cualquier duda = beyond any doubt, beyond any doubt.

* más allá de eso = beyond that.

* más allá de la obligación = beyond the call of duty.

* más allá del deber = beyond the call of duty.

* más allá de ninguna duda = beyond doubt, beyond doubt, beyond any doubt.

* más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, beyond any doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.

* más allá, el = afterlife [after-life], land of the dead, the.

* más antiguo = longest-serving.

* más antiguo, el = seniormost, the.

* más anunciado = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA].

* más apreciado = long-cherished.

* más aun = nay, beyond that, furthermore.

* más bien = if you like, instead.

* más bien bajo = shortish.

* más bien corto = shortish.

* más bien pequeño = smallish.

* más bien todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* más borracho que una cuba = as drunk as a lord, as drunk as a newt, as drunk as a skunk.

* más bueno que un pan = as good as gold.

* más cerca de = more nearly.

* más claro el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más claro que el agua = as clear as a bell.

* más complejo de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* más complicado de lo que parece = more than meets the eye.

* más común = mainstream.

* más concretamente = more to the point.

* más conocido = best known, best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA], mainstream.

* más conocido como = better known as.

* más contento que unas castañuela = as happy as Larry.

* más contento que unas pascuas = as happy as Larry.

* Posesivo + más cordial enhorabuena = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* más corto que las mangas de una chaleco = as daft as a brush.

* más corto que las mangas de un chaleco = as thick as two (short) planks, as shy as shy can be, as thick as a brick, knucklehead.

* más débil de la camada, el = runt of the litter, the.

* más débil del grupo, el = runt of the litter, the.

* más de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad, over + Cantidad, more than + Cantidad, upwards of + Cantidad.

* más del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* más de la cuenta = one too many.

* más de la mayoría de los + Nombre = more than most + Nombre.

* más de lo mismo = more of the same.

* más demandado = most demanded.

* más dentro = further into.

* más destacado = foremost.

* más de una vez = more than once.

* más de un ISBN = more than one ISBN.

* más de un millón = million-plus.

* más de unos cuantos + Nombre = not a few + Nombre.

* más difundido = best-publicised [best-publicized, -USA].

* más duradero = longer-lasting.

* más duro que la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.

* más exactamente = more nearly.

* más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.

* más frío que el mármol = as cold as ice.

* más frío que la nieve = as cold as ice.

* más frío que un témpano (de hielo) = as cold as ice.

* más fuerte que un roble = as strong as an ox.

* más fuerte que un toro = as strong as an ox.

* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.

* más grande = greater.

* más hambre que el perro de un ciego = as hungry as a wolf, as hungry as a bear, as hungry as a hunter.

* más hambre que un maestro de escuela = as hungry as a wolf, as hungry as a bear, as hungry as a hunter.

* más importante = foremost.

* más importante aun = more significantly.

* más información = further information, further details.

* más íntimo = innermost.

* más largo que un día sin pan = as long as (my/your) arm.

* más lejos = further afield, further away, furthest away.

* más meridional = southernmost.

* más necesitado = most in need.

* más occidental = westernmost.

* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take, ballpark.

* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.

* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.

* más perdedor = losingest.

* más perenne = longer-lasting.

* más permanente = longer-lasting.

* más prestigioso = top-rated, top-ranked.

* más profundo = innermost.

* más que = more... than..., rather than.

* más que antes = more than ever, more... than ever before, more than ever before.

* más que la suma de sus partes = Comparativo + than the sum of its parts.

* más quemado que la pipa (de) un indio = completely burned-out, totally burned-out.

* más que muerto = dead and buried.

* más que nada = more than anything else.

* más que ninguna otra cosa = beyond all else.

* más que nunca = more than ever before, more than ever.

* más que nunca antes = more... than ever before, more than ever before, more than ever.

* más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.

* más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.

* más recientemente = in more recent times, more recently.

* más recóndito = innermost.

* más secreto = innermost.

* más septentrional = northernmost.

* Posesivo + más sinceras felicitaciones = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* más sincero + Nombre = deeply felt + Nombre.

* más sordo que una tapia = as deaf as a post.

* más suave que el terciopelo = as soft as velvet.

* más suave que la seda = as soft as silk.

* más tarde = later on.

* más tarde o más temprano = sooner or later, at one time or another.

* más todavía = all the more so.

* más usado = most heavily used.

* más vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer = better the devil you know (than the devil you don't).

* más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando = a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

* más vale prevenir que curar = a stitch in time saves nine, better (to be) safe than sorry.

* más vale que + Subjuntivo = might + as well + Verbo.

* más vale tarde que nunca = better late than never.

* más valorado = highly valued.

* más vendido = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.

* más veterano, el = seniormost, the.

* más viejo que Matusalén = as old as Methuselah, as old as the hills, as old as the hills.

* más votado = top-rated, top-ranked.

* materia más general = broader subject.

* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick.

* meter a Alguien de lleno en lo más difícil = throw in + at the deep end, throw in + at the deep end.

* meterse de lleno en lo más difícil = swim in + the deep end, jump in at + the deep end.

* metido en lo más difícil = in at the deep end.

* mientras más, mejor = the more the merrier, the more the better.

* mirada más de cerca = closer look.

* miseria más absoluta = abject poverty.

* muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.

* muchísimo más = a whole lot more, an awful lot more.

* muchísimo más + Adjetivo = infinitely + Adjetivo.

* mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.

* mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo.

* mucho más + Adverbio = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.

* mucho más cerca = far closer.

* mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.

* mucho más rápido = far faster.

* muchos más = a great many more.

* nada + estar + más apartado de la realidad = nothing + can + be further from the truth, nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada + estar + más lejos de la realidad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada + estar + más lejos de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.

* nada más = anything else, nothing else.

* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.

* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.

* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.

* nada puede estar más alejado de la realidad = nothing can be further from the truth.

* nadie más = nobody else.

* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.

* no aguantar más = have had enough.

* no dar más de sí = stretch + Nombre + to the limit, overstretch.

* no hacer más que = do + no more than.

* no importar lo más mínimo = could not care less.

* no más que = in any more than.

* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.

* no poder hacer más que = do + little more than.

* no saber qué más hacer = be at + Posesivo + wit's end.

* no ser lo más adecuado para = ill suited to/for.

* no ser más que = be nothing more than, be nothing but.

* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.

* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.

* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.

* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* Número + de más = Número + too many.

* Número + veces más = Número + times as many.

* Número + veces más de = Número + times the number of.

* nunca más = never again.

* observar con más detalle = closer look.

* optar por la solución más fácil = take + the easy way out.

* otro + Nombre + más = further + Nombre, yet another + Nombre.

* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.

* pagar más de lo que se debería = overpay.

* para complicar aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para confundir aun más las cosas = to add to the confusion.

* para hacer más fácil = for ease of.

* para más información = for further details.

* para más inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.

* para que quede más claro = for main effects.

* para ser más explícito = to elaborate a little further.

* pasar a cosas más agradables = on a happier note.

* poco más = little else.

* poner más fuerte = crank up.

* ¡por lo más quieras! = Not on your life!.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* Posesivo + más cordial enhorabuena = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* Posesivo + más sinceras felicitaciones = Posesivo + heartiest congratulations.

* precio de coste más margen de beneficios = cost-plus pricing.

* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.

* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.

* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.

* qué más = what else.

* que no da más de sí = overstretched.

* ¿quién más...? = who else...?.

* rechazar sin más = dismiss + out of hand.

* redondear al número entero más cercano = round up to + the nearest whole number.

* requerir más destreza = be more of an art.

* sacar más partido = get + more for + Posesivo + money.

* sentir más ganas de hacer Algo = grow in + appetite.

* sentirse más seguro de = gain + confidence (with/in).

* separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.

* ser aun más = be all the more.

* ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.

* ser el punto más débil de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.

* ser el punto más flaco de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + weakest.

* ser lo más parecido a = be as close as we come to.

* ser lo que a Uno más le gusta = be + Posesivo + big scene.

* ser más interno = inner being.

* ser más un + Nombre = be more of a + Nombre.

* ser mucho más = be all the more.

* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.

* siempre querer más = enough + be + not/never + enough.

* signo más (+) = addition sign (+), plus sign (+).

* sin la más mínima duda = without the shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.

* sin más = out of hand, unceremoniously, unceremonious.

* sin más dilación = without (any) further ado, without (any) more ado, without warning.

* sin más ni más = unceremoniously, unceremonious, for the love of it, without much ado.

* sin más preámbulos = without (any) further ado, without (any) more ado.

* sino más bien = rather.

* sino (que) más bien = but rather.

* supervivencia del más fuerte = survival of the fittest, survival of the strongest.

* tarifa especial más barata = discount charge.

* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.

* término más específico = narrower term.

* todavía más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo.

* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.

* una imagen vale más que mil palabras = a picture is worth more than ten thousand words.

* una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel.

* una vez más = again, yet again.

* uno de los + Nombre + más + Adjetivo = not the least + Adjetivo + Nombre, not the least of the + Adjetivo + Nombre.

* uno de los + Nombre + más importante = not the least + Nombre, not the least of + Nombre.

* uno de mas = one too many.

* uno más = one of equals.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the machine.

* unos días más tarde = a few days later.

* véase + Nombre + para más información = refer to + Nombre + for details.

* vender a un precio más barato que = undercut.

* vender más barato = undercut.

* venderse más que = outsell.

* venta a un precio más barato = undercutting.

* y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.

* y más adelante = and beyond.

* y más allá = and beyond.

* y mucho más = and much more.

* y mucho(s) más = and more.

* y poco más = and little more.

* ¡y qué más da! = so what!.

* y unos cuantos más = and a few others.

* * *

MAS

/mas/

masculine

A (en Col) = Muerte a Secuestradores

B (en Ven) = Movimiento al Socialismo

* * *

Multiple Entries:
mas
más
mas conjunción (liter) but
más adverbio
1
a) ( comparativo):

◊ ¿tiene algo más barato/moderno? do you have anything cheaper/more modern;

duran más they last longer;
me gusta más sin azúcar I prefer it without sugar;
ahora la vemos más we see more of her now;
tendrás que estudiar más you'll have to study harder;
más lejos/atrás further away/back;
el más allá the other world;
más que nunca more than ever;
me gusta más el vino seco que el dulce I prefer dry wine to sweet, I like dry wine better than sweet;
pesa más de lo que parece it's heavier than it looks;
es más complicado de lo que tú crees it's more complicated than you think;
eran más de las cinco it was after five o'clock;
más de 30 more than 30, over 30
b) ( especialmente) particularly, especially

2 ( superlativo):
◊ la más bonita/la más inteligente the prettiest/the most intelligent;

el que más sabe the one who knows most;
el que más me gusta the one I like best;
estuvo de lo más divertido it was great fun
3 ( en frases negativas):
◊ no tiene más que tres meses she's only three months old;

nadie más que ella nobody but her;
no tengo más que esto this is all I have;
no tuve más remedio I had no alternative;
no juego más I'm not playing any more;
nunca más never again
4 ( con valor ponderativo):
◊ ¡cantó más bien…! she sang so well!;

¡qué cosa más rara! how strange!
■ adjetivo invariable
1 ( comparativo) more;
◊ más dinero more money;

una vez más once more;
ni un minuto más not a minute longer;
hoy hace más calor it's warmer today;
son más que nosotros there are more of them than us
2 ( superlativo) most;
◊ el equipo que ganó más partidos the team that won most games;

las más de las veces more often than not
3 ( con valor ponderativo):
◊ ¡me da más rabia …! it makes me so mad!;

¡tiene más amigos …! he has so many friends!
4
◊ ¿qué más? what else?;

nada/nadie más nothing/nobody else;
algo/alguien más something/somebody else;
¿quién más vino? who else came?;
¿algo más? — nada más gracias anything else? — no, that's all, thank you
■ pronombre
1 more;
◊ ¿te sirvo más? would you like some more?

2 ( en locs)
◊ a lo más at the most;

a más no poder: corrimos a más no poder we ran as fast o hard as we could;
a más tardar at the latest;
cuanto más at the most;
de más: ¿tienes un lápiz de más? do you have a spare pencil?;
me dio cinco dólares de más he gave me five dollars too much;
no está de más repetirlo there's no harm in repeating it;
es más in fact;
más bien ( un poco) rather;
más o menos ( aproximadamente) more or less;

( no muy bien) so-so;
◊ ni más ni menos no less;

no más See Also→ nomás;
por más: por más que llores however much you cry;
por más que trataba however hard he tried;
¿qué más da? what does it matter?;
sin más (ni más) just like that
■ preposición
a) (Mat) ( en sumas) plus;

◊ 8+7 =15 (read as: ocho más siete (es) igual (a) quince) eight plus seven equals fifteen

b) ( además de) plus;

◊ mil pesos, más los gastos a thousand pesos, plus expenses

■ sustantivo masculino
plus sign
mas conj frml but: sé que es difícil, mas no debes darte por vencido, I know it's hard, but you musn't give up
más
I adverbio & pron
1 (aumento) more: necesito comprar más, I need to buy more
me duele cada día más, it hurts more and more
parte dos trozos más, cut two more pieces
tendría que ser más barato, it should be cheaper
asistieron más de cien personas, more than a hundred people attended
(con pronombre interrogativo) else: ¿alguien más quiere repetir?, would anybody else like a second helping?
(con pronombre indefinido) añádele algo más, add something else
no sé nada más, I don't know anything else
2 (comparación) more: es más complicado que el primero, it's more complicated than the first one
eres más guapa que ella, you are prettier than her
3 (superlativo) most: ella es la más divertida, she's the funniest
lo más extraño del mundo, the strangest thing in the world
4 (otra vez) no me llames más, que estoy trabajando, don't call me again, I'm busy
no volví a verlo más, I never saw him again
5 (sobre todo) debiste llamar, y más sabiendo que estoy sola, you should have phoned me, especially knowing I'm alone
6 (otro) no tengo más cuchillo que éste, I have no other knife but this one
7 exclamación so..., such a..., what a...!
¡está más pesado!, he's such a pain!
¡qué cosa más fea!, what an ugly thing!
II prep Mat plus
dos más dos, two plus o and two ➣ Ver nota en sumar
♦ Locuciones: de más, (de sobra): su comentario estuvo de más, his remark was unnecessary
¿tienes unas medias de más?, do you have a spare pair of tights?
más bien, rather
más o menos, more or less
por más que, (aunque): por más que lo leo no logro entenderlo, no matter how many times I read it, I can't understand it
sin más (ni más), just like that
todo lo más, at most
Ten cuidado con las frases hechas del tipo más borracho que una cuba o más bueno que el pan. Se traducen empleando as... as...: as drunk as a lord o as good as gold.
' más' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abundar
- acá
- actualidad
- adelante
- adentro
- aguantar
- alargarse
- algo
- allá
- alquilar
- alta
- alto
- amarre
- ámbito
- amortizar
- ampliar
- ancha
- ancho
- antes
- aparecer
- arriba
- arrimarse
- aunque
- avivar
- baja
- bajo
- bastante
- bien
- bilis
- bravucón
- bravucona
- bufido
- cada
- cargar
- cerca
- cerrarse
- ciudad
- colmo
- comodidad
- consolidar
- consolidarse
- construcción
- contaminante
- contestón
- contestona
- contraria
- contrario
- córcholis
English:
A
- aboard
- about
- above
- acceptable
- accomplished
- ado
- adopt
- advanced
- advantage
- advocate
- afterwards
- again
- agree
- agreeable
- airport
- all
- along
- aloud
- alternative
- always
- ample
- amplify
- another
- anticipate
- antsy
- anything
- appropriate
- arguable
- art form
- as
- ask
- awe-inspiring
- barrel
- basic
- bat
- become
- begin
- below
- besides
- best
- better
- beyond
- big
- bird
- bit
- bite
- blue
- bookshelf
- boot

* * *

MAS [mas] nm (abrev de Movimiento al Socialismo)

= left-wing political party in Argentina and Venezuela

* * *

mas

conj but

* * *

mas conj

pero: but

más adv

1) : more

¿hay algo más grande?: is there anything bigger?

2) : most

Luis es el más alto: Luis is the tallest

3) : longer

el sabor dura más: the flavor lasts longer

4) : rather

más querría andar: I would rather walk

5)

a mas : besides, in addition

6)

más allá : further

7)

qué... más... : what..., what a...

¡qué día más bonito!: what a beautiful day!

más adj

1) : more

dáme dos kilos más: give me two more kilos

2) : most

la que ganó más dinero: the one who earned the most money

3) : else

¿quién más quiere vino?: who else wants wine?

más n

: plus sign

más prep

: plus

tres más dos es igual a cinco: three plus two equals five

más pron

1) : more

¿tienes más?: do you have more?

2)

a lo más : at most

3)

de mas : extra, excess

4)

más o menos : more or less, approximately

5)

por más que : no matter how much

por más que corras no llegarás a tiempo: no matter how fast you run you won't arrive on time

* * *

más¹ adv

1. (comparativo) more

tengo más dinero que tú I've got more money than you

¿quieres más arroz? do you want some more rice?

Fíjate que los adjetivos cortos forman el comparativo añadiendo er

tu hermano es más alto que tú your brother is taller than you

2. (superlativo) most

¿quién tiene más caramelos? who's got the most sweets?

la mujer más guapa del mundo the most beautiful woman in the world

Fíjate que los adjetivos cortos forman el superlativo añadiendo est

eres el chico más alto de la clase you're the tallest boy in the class

3. (con números, cantidades) more / over

había más de veinte personas there were over twenty people

esperé más de una hora I waited more than an hour

4. (con pronombres) else

¿quieres algo más? do you want anything else?

¿quién más estaba? who else was there?

¿nadie más? no one else?

nada más nothing else

5. (exclamaciones)

¡qué casa más bonita! what a pretty house!

¡está más guapa! she's ever so pretty!

de más (de sobra) spare / extra (demasiado) too much / too many

más o menos more or less

más bien rather

más² conj plus

ocho más siete son quince eight plus seven makes fifteen

Spanish-English dictionary > más

7 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de

8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

9 Magnus

1.
magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:
magnai reipublicai gratia,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.
I.
Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.
the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,
a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:
magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,
Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:
magnus fluens Nilus,
Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:
magna et pulcra domus,
spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
montes,
Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):
templa caelitum,
vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):
aquae,
great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
oppidum maximum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:
maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
magna pecunia mutua,
id. Att. 11, 3, 3:
copia pabuli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
multitudo peditatus,
id. ib. 4, 34:
divitiae,
Nep. Dion. 1, 2:
populus,
Verg. A. 1, 148.—
2.
Rarely of time, for longus, multus:
interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,
Verg. A. 3, 284:
magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,
Macr. S. 2, 11:
magno post tempore,
Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—
3.
Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:
magna voce confiteri,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:
tribunorum,
Liv. 9, 46, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):
vir magnus in primis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,
id. ib. 2, 66, 167:
magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,
Nep. Them. 6, 1:
Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
amicus,
great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):
virtus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
infamia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1:
eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,
id. ib.:
multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46:
causa,
great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:
opus et arduum,
id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:
quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,
something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
magna loqui,
to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:
magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,
it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,
what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:
quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:
jam magno natu,
Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:
homo magnus natu,
id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:
qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:
audivi ex majoribus natu,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,
Verg. A. 5, 644:
annos natus major quadraginta,
more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
civis major annis viginti,
Suet. Caes. 42:
cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:
ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,
Liv. 6, 34:
Gelo maximus stirpis,
id. 23, 30:
ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,
App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.
in gen.: Cyrus major,
Lact. 4, 5, 7:
quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,
Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:
Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:
ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:
L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:
patres majoresque nostri,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:
more majorum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 1:
spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:
majores natu,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:
maxima virgo,
the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:
de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,
Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
2.
In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:
magni esse,
to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:
magni aestimare,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:
magni existimans interesse ad decus,
to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:
emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
magno vendere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:
conducere aliquid nimium magno,
too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:
magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,
cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:
ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,
Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:
multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,
dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:
senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:
extollere aliquid in majus,
more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:
celebrare,
id. ib. 13, 8:
nuntiare,
id. H. 3, 38:
credere,
to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:
accipere,
to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—
3.
Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):
magnum clamat,
greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:
inclamare,
Gell. 5, 9 fin.:
exclamat derepente maximum,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).
A.
Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—
B.
In gen.
1.
With no qualifying words.
a.
With the addition of the second term of the comparison.
(α).
With verbs:
quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:
saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:
magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:
nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,
id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:
quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,
Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:
tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,
id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:
quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
id. Cael. 6, 14.—
(β).
With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):
umbra es amantum magis quam amator,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:
magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:
aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,
id. Mur. 8, 17:
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:
ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13, 6:
se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,
id. ib. 2, 32, 1:
timori magis quam religioni consulere,
id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:
jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:
in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,
Quint. 9, 1, 23:
Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,
Liv. 10, 4, 10:
pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,
Sen. Suas. 6, 17:
non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,
Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:
nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,
Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):
quid philosophia magis colendum?
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?
Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):
Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:
quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?
id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:
quam mage amo quam matrem meam,
id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:
quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,
id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:
jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:
nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,
Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:
neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,
id. Am. 2, 1, 54:
ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:
corpora magna magis quam firma,
Liv. 5, 44, 4:
vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:
neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:
ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,
Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):
ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —
b.
Without the addition of the second term.
(α).
With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):
sapiunt magis,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:
magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10, 3:
magis metuant,
id. Mil. 5, 44:
tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:
cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—
(β).
With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):
magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,
better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:
ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
magis anxius,
Ov. M. 1, 182:
hic magis tranquillu'st,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:
nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:
nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,
id. ib. 2, 1, 21:
quod est magis verisimile,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:
magis admirabilis oratio,
Quint. 8, 3, 24:
magis communia verba,
id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;
nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:
magis aperte,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:
magis impense,
id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:
magis est dulcius,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:
magis majores nugae,
id. Men. prol. 55:
magis modum in majorem,
id. Am. 1, 1, 145:
contentiores mage erunt,
id. Poen. 2, 15.—
2.
Strengthened.
a.
By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:
qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,
Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:
illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:
tanto magis Dic, quis est?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:
ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,
id. Most. 3, 2, 146:
vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,
Lucr. 6, 460:
quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25:
sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:
atque eo magis, si, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:
eoque magis quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;
5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:
magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:
tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 787:
quanto mage... tam magis,
Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:
quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:
quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:
densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. G. 3, 309:
cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—
b.
By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:
cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,
Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:
magis deinde ac magis,
Suet. Vit. 10:
post hoc magis ac magis,
id. Gram. 3;
for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,
id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:
magis atque magis,
Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:
post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,
id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—
3.
Pleon.
a.
With potius (anteclass.):
magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:
mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—
b.
With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;
his vero auditis multo magis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:
finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —
C.
In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.
1.
To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:
domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,
i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:
non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,
Liv. 22, 27, 2:
conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,
Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:
si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:
non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,
Sen. Ep. 87, 25;
Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,
Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:
nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,
just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—
2.
For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:
deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:
miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,
Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—
3.
Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:
sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,
Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:
minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:
quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:
quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,
id. Suas. 1, 5:
aut minus, aut magis,
id. Ep. 82, 14.—
4.
With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:
alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:
sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:
alii aliis magis recusare,
Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.
A.
Lit.
1.
Alone.
a.
With a verb:
haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:
quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:
nos coluit maxime,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:
quem convenire maxime cupiebam,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:
de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:
extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,
id. Quint. 10, 35:
in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,
most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,
came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.
pugnare,
most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:
jubere,
most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:
id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:
ab eo exordiri volui maxime,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
cernere naturae vim maxime,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—
b.
With an adj.:
res maxime necessaria,
Cic. Lael. 23, 86:
loca maxime frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
loci ad hoc maxime idonei,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
maxime naturali carent amicitia,
Cic. Lael. 21, 80:
maxime feri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,
id. ib. 1, 3:
idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
elegans maxime auctor,
id. 10, 1, 93:
maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,
id. 2, 4, 37:
noto enim maxime utar exemplo,
id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:
quae maxime liberalissima,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:
maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),
Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —
c.
With numerals, at most:
puer ad annos maxime natus octo,
Gell. 17, 8, 4.—
d.
With an adv.:
ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—
2.
Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):
qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,
Curt. 5, 2, 5:
cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,
Nep. Milt. 1, 1:
quae maxime omnium belli avida,
Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:
atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:
imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:
hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:
quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,
id. Part. Or. 33, 114:
quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,
as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:
ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:
ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:
quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:
ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,
Quint. 12, 6, 6.—
3.
With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:
tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,
as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:
grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,
Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—
4.
With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):
hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:
ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.
, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,
id. ib. 1, 15, 47:
ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—
5.
In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:
hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,
Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:
si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,
id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:
in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:
maxime... dein,
Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:
sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,
Col. 5, 6, 4:
maxime... deinde... postea... minume,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:
maxime... postea... ultimae,
Col. 6, 3, 6:
post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,
Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:
scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:
maxime quod de judicatu meo,
id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,
id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:
scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:
plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:
tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:
longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,
id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:
cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:
ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,
Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:
haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;
2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:
tum cum maxime,
at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,
tunc cum maxime,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:
nunc cum maxime,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—
2.
In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,
Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.
2.
Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Magnus

10 magnus

1.
magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:
magnai reipublicai gratia,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.
I.
Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.
the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,
a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:
magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,
Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:
magnus fluens Nilus,
Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:
magna et pulcra domus,
spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
montes,
Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):
templa caelitum,
vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):
aquae,
great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
oppidum maximum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:
maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
magna pecunia mutua,
id. Att. 11, 3, 3:
copia pabuli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
multitudo peditatus,
id. ib. 4, 34:
divitiae,
Nep. Dion. 1, 2:
populus,
Verg. A. 1, 148.—
2.
Rarely of time, for longus, multus:
interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,
Verg. A. 3, 284:
magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,
Macr. S. 2, 11:
magno post tempore,
Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—
3.
Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:
magna voce confiteri,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:
tribunorum,
Liv. 9, 46, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):
vir magnus in primis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,
id. ib. 2, 66, 167:
magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,
Nep. Them. 6, 1:
Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
amicus,
great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):
virtus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
infamia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1:
eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,
id. ib.:
multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46:
causa,
great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:
opus et arduum,
id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:
quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,
something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
magna loqui,
to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:
magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,
it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,
what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:
quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:
jam magno natu,
Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:
homo magnus natu,
id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:
qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:
audivi ex majoribus natu,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,
Verg. A. 5, 644:
annos natus major quadraginta,
more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
civis major annis viginti,
Suet. Caes. 42:
cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:
ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,
Liv. 6, 34:
Gelo maximus stirpis,
id. 23, 30:
ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,
App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.
in gen.: Cyrus major,
Lact. 4, 5, 7:
quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,
Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:
Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:
ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:
L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:
patres majoresque nostri,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:
more majorum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 1:
spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:
majores natu,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:
maxima virgo,
the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:
de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,
Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
2.
In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:
magni esse,
to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:
magni aestimare,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:
magni existimans interesse ad decus,
to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:
emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
magno vendere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:
conducere aliquid nimium magno,
too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:
magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,
cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:
ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,
Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:
multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,
dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:
senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:
extollere aliquid in majus,
more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:
celebrare,
id. ib. 13, 8:
nuntiare,
id. H. 3, 38:
credere,
to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:
accipere,
to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—
3.
Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):
magnum clamat,
greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:
inclamare,
Gell. 5, 9 fin.:
exclamat derepente maximum,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).
A.
Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—
B.
In gen.
1.
With no qualifying words.
a.
With the addition of the second term of the comparison.
(α).
With verbs:
quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:
saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:
magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:
nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,
id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:
quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,
Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:
tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,
id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:
quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
id. Cael. 6, 14.—
(β).
With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):
umbra es amantum magis quam amator,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:
magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:
aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,
id. Mur. 8, 17:
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:
ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13, 6:
se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,
id. ib. 2, 32, 1:
timori magis quam religioni consulere,
id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:
jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:
in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,
Quint. 9, 1, 23:
Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,
Liv. 10, 4, 10:
pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,
Sen. Suas. 6, 17:
non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,
Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:
nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,
Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):
quid philosophia magis colendum?
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?
Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):
Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:
quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?
id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:
quam mage amo quam matrem meam,
id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:
quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,
id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:
jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:
nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,
Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:
neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,
id. Am. 2, 1, 54:
ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:
corpora magna magis quam firma,
Liv. 5, 44, 4:
vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:
neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:
ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,
Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):
ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —
b.
Without the addition of the second term.
(α).
With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):
sapiunt magis,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:
magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10, 3:
magis metuant,
id. Mil. 5, 44:
tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:
cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—
(β).
With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):
magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,
better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:
ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
magis anxius,
Ov. M. 1, 182:
hic magis tranquillu'st,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:
nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:
nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,
id. ib. 2, 1, 21:
quod est magis verisimile,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:
magis admirabilis oratio,
Quint. 8, 3, 24:
magis communia verba,
id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;
nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:
magis aperte,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:
magis impense,
id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:
magis est dulcius,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:
magis majores nugae,
id. Men. prol. 55:
magis modum in majorem,
id. Am. 1, 1, 145:
contentiores mage erunt,
id. Poen. 2, 15.—
2.
Strengthened.
a.
By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:
qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,
Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:
illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:
tanto magis Dic, quis est?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:
ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,
id. Most. 3, 2, 146:
vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,
Lucr. 6, 460:
quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25:
sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:
atque eo magis, si, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:
eoque magis quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;
5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:
magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:
tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 787:
quanto mage... tam magis,
Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:
quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:
quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:
densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. G. 3, 309:
cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—
b.
By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:
cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,
Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:
magis deinde ac magis,
Suet. Vit. 10:
post hoc magis ac magis,
id. Gram. 3;
for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,
id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:
magis atque magis,
Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:
post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,
id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—
3.
Pleon.
a.
With potius (anteclass.):
magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:
mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—
b.
With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;
his vero auditis multo magis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:
finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —
C.
In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.
1.
To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:
domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,
i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:
non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,
Liv. 22, 27, 2:
conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,
Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:
si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:
non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,
Sen. Ep. 87, 25;
Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,
Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:
nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,
just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—
2.
For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:
deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:
miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,
Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—
3.
Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:
sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,
Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:
minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:
quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:
quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,
id. Suas. 1, 5:
aut minus, aut magis,
id. Ep. 82, 14.—
4.
With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:
alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:
sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:
alii aliis magis recusare,
Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.
A.
Lit.
1.
Alone.
a.
With a verb:
haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:
quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:
nos coluit maxime,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:
quem convenire maxime cupiebam,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:
de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:
extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,
id. Quint. 10, 35:
in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,
most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,
came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.
pugnare,
most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:
jubere,
most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:
id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:
ab eo exordiri volui maxime,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
cernere naturae vim maxime,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—
b.
With an adj.:
res maxime necessaria,
Cic. Lael. 23, 86:
loca maxime frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
loci ad hoc maxime idonei,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
maxime naturali carent amicitia,
Cic. Lael. 21, 80:
maxime feri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,
id. ib. 1, 3:
idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
elegans maxime auctor,
id. 10, 1, 93:
maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,
id. 2, 4, 37:
noto enim maxime utar exemplo,
id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:
quae maxime liberalissima,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:
maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),
Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —
c.
With numerals, at most:
puer ad annos maxime natus octo,
Gell. 17, 8, 4.—
d.
With an adv.:
ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—
2.
Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):
qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,
Curt. 5, 2, 5:
cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,
Nep. Milt. 1, 1:
quae maxime omnium belli avida,
Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:
atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:
imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:
hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:
quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,
id. Part. Or. 33, 114:
quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,
as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:
ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:
ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:
quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:
ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,
Quint. 12, 6, 6.—
3.
With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:
tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,
as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:
grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,
Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—
4.
With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):
hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:
ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.
, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,
id. ib. 1, 15, 47:
ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—
5.
In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:
hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,
Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:
si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,
id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:
in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:
maxime... dein,
Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:
sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,
Col. 5, 6, 4:
maxime... deinde... postea... minume,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:
maxime... postea... ultimae,
Col. 6, 3, 6:
post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,
Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:
scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:
maxime quod de judicatu meo,
id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,
id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:
scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:
plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:
tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:
longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,
id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:
cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:
ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,
Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:
haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;
2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:
tum cum maxime,
at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,
tunc cum maxime,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:
nunc cum maxime,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—
2.
In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,
Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.
2.
Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > magnus

11 majores

1.
magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:
magnai reipublicai gratia,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.
I.
Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.
the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,
a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:
magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,
Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:
magnus fluens Nilus,
Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:
magna et pulcra domus,
spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
montes,
Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):
templa caelitum,
vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):
aquae,
great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
oppidum maximum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:
maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
magna pecunia mutua,
id. Att. 11, 3, 3:
copia pabuli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
multitudo peditatus,
id. ib. 4, 34:
divitiae,
Nep. Dion. 1, 2:
populus,
Verg. A. 1, 148.—
2.
Rarely of time, for longus, multus:
interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,
Verg. A. 3, 284:
magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,
Macr. S. 2, 11:
magno post tempore,
Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—
3.
Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:
magna voce confiteri,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:
tribunorum,
Liv. 9, 46, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):
vir magnus in primis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,
id. ib. 2, 66, 167:
magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,
Nep. Them. 6, 1:
Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
amicus,
great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):
virtus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
infamia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1:
eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,
id. ib.:
multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46:
causa,
great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:
opus et arduum,
id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:
quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,
something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
magna loqui,
to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:
magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,
it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,
what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:
quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:
jam magno natu,
Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:
homo magnus natu,
id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:
qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:
audivi ex majoribus natu,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,
Verg. A. 5, 644:
annos natus major quadraginta,
more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
civis major annis viginti,
Suet. Caes. 42:
cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:
ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,
Liv. 6, 34:
Gelo maximus stirpis,
id. 23, 30:
ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,
App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.
in gen.: Cyrus major,
Lact. 4, 5, 7:
quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,
Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:
Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:
ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:
L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:
patres majoresque nostri,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:
more majorum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 1:
spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:
majores natu,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:
maxima virgo,
the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:
de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,
Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
2.
In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:
magni esse,
to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:
magni aestimare,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:
magni existimans interesse ad decus,
to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:
emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
magno vendere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:
conducere aliquid nimium magno,
too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:
magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,
cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:
ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,
Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:
multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,
dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:
senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:
extollere aliquid in majus,
more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:
celebrare,
id. ib. 13, 8:
nuntiare,
id. H. 3, 38:
credere,
to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:
accipere,
to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—
3.
Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):
magnum clamat,
greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:
inclamare,
Gell. 5, 9 fin.:
exclamat derepente maximum,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).
A.
Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—
B.
In gen.
1.
With no qualifying words.
a.
With the addition of the second term of the comparison.
(α).
With verbs:
quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:
saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:
magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:
nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,
id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:
quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,
Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:
tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,
id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:
quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
id. Cael. 6, 14.—
(β).
With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):
umbra es amantum magis quam amator,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:
magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:
aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,
id. Mur. 8, 17:
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:
ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13, 6:
se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,
id. ib. 2, 32, 1:
timori magis quam religioni consulere,
id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:
jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:
in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,
Quint. 9, 1, 23:
Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,
Liv. 10, 4, 10:
pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,
Sen. Suas. 6, 17:
non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,
Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:
nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,
Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):
quid philosophia magis colendum?
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?
Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):
Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:
quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?
id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:
quam mage amo quam matrem meam,
id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:
quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,
id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:
jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:
nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,
Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:
neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,
id. Am. 2, 1, 54:
ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:
corpora magna magis quam firma,
Liv. 5, 44, 4:
vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:
neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:
ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,
Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):
ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —
b.
Without the addition of the second term.
(α).
With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):
sapiunt magis,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:
magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10, 3:
magis metuant,
id. Mil. 5, 44:
tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:
cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—
(β).
With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):
magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,
better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:
ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
magis anxius,
Ov. M. 1, 182:
hic magis tranquillu'st,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:
nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:
nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,
id. ib. 2, 1, 21:
quod est magis verisimile,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:
magis admirabilis oratio,
Quint. 8, 3, 24:
magis communia verba,
id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;
nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:
magis aperte,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:
magis impense,
id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:
magis est dulcius,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:
magis majores nugae,
id. Men. prol. 55:
magis modum in majorem,
id. Am. 1, 1, 145:
contentiores mage erunt,
id. Poen. 2, 15.—
2.
Strengthened.
a.
By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:
qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,
Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:
illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:
tanto magis Dic, quis est?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:
ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,
id. Most. 3, 2, 146:
vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,
Lucr. 6, 460:
quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25:
sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:
atque eo magis, si, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:
eoque magis quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;
5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:
magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:
tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 787:
quanto mage... tam magis,
Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:
quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:
quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:
densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. G. 3, 309:
cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—
b.
By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:
cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,
Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:
magis deinde ac magis,
Suet. Vit. 10:
post hoc magis ac magis,
id. Gram. 3;
for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,
id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:
magis atque magis,
Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:
post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,
id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—
3.
Pleon.
a.
With potius (anteclass.):
magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:
mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—
b.
With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;
his vero auditis multo magis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:
finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —
C.
In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.
1.
To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:
domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,
i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:
non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,
Liv. 22, 27, 2:
conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,
Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:
si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:
non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,
Sen. Ep. 87, 25;
Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,
Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:
nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,
just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—
2.
For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:
deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:
miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,
Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—
3.
Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:
sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,
Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:
minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:
quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:
quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,
id. Suas. 1, 5:
aut minus, aut magis,
id. Ep. 82, 14.—
4.
With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:
alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:
sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:
alii aliis magis recusare,
Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.
A.
Lit.
1.
Alone.
a.
With a verb:
haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:
quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:
nos coluit maxime,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:
quem convenire maxime cupiebam,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:
de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:
extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,
id. Quint. 10, 35:
in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,
most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,
came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.
pugnare,
most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:
jubere,
most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:
id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:
ab eo exordiri volui maxime,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
cernere naturae vim maxime,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—
b.
With an adj.:
res maxime necessaria,
Cic. Lael. 23, 86:
loca maxime frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
loci ad hoc maxime idonei,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
maxime naturali carent amicitia,
Cic. Lael. 21, 80:
maxime feri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,
id. ib. 1, 3:
idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
elegans maxime auctor,
id. 10, 1, 93:
maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,
id. 2, 4, 37:
noto enim maxime utar exemplo,
id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:
quae maxime liberalissima,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:
maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),
Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —
c.
With numerals, at most:
puer ad annos maxime natus octo,
Gell. 17, 8, 4.—
d.
With an adv.:
ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—
2.
Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):
qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,
Curt. 5, 2, 5:
cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,
Nep. Milt. 1, 1:
quae maxime omnium belli avida,
Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:
atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:
imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:
hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:
quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,
id. Part. Or. 33, 114:
quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,
as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:
ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:
ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:
quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:
ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,
Quint. 12, 6, 6.—
3.
With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:
tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,
as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:
grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,
Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—
4.
With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):
hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:
ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.
, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,
id. ib. 1, 15, 47:
ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—
5.
In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:
hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,
Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:
si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,
id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:
in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:
maxime... dein,
Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:
sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,
Col. 5, 6, 4:
maxime... deinde... postea... minume,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:
maxime... postea... ultimae,
Col. 6, 3, 6:
post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,
Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:
scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:
maxime quod de judicatu meo,
id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,
id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:
scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:
plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:
tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:
longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,
id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:
cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:
ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,
Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:
haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;
2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:
tum cum maxime,
at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,
tunc cum maxime,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:
nunc cum maxime,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—
2.
In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,
Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.
2.
Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > majores

12 maxume

1.
magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:
magnai reipublicai gratia,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.
I.
Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.
the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,
a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:
magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,
Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:
magnus fluens Nilus,
Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:
magna et pulcra domus,
spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
montes,
Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):
templa caelitum,
vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):
aquae,
great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
oppidum maximum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:
maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
magna pecunia mutua,
id. Att. 11, 3, 3:
copia pabuli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
multitudo peditatus,
id. ib. 4, 34:
divitiae,
Nep. Dion. 1, 2:
populus,
Verg. A. 1, 148.—
2.
Rarely of time, for longus, multus:
interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,
Verg. A. 3, 284:
magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,
Macr. S. 2, 11:
magno post tempore,
Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—
3.
Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:
magna voce confiteri,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:
tribunorum,
Liv. 9, 46, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):
vir magnus in primis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,
id. ib. 2, 66, 167:
magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,
Nep. Them. 6, 1:
Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
amicus,
great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):
virtus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
infamia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1:
eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,
id. ib.:
multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46:
causa,
great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:
opus et arduum,
id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:
quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,
something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
magna loqui,
to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:
magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,
it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,
what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:
quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:
jam magno natu,
Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:
homo magnus natu,
id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:
qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:
audivi ex majoribus natu,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,
Verg. A. 5, 644:
annos natus major quadraginta,
more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
civis major annis viginti,
Suet. Caes. 42:
cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:
ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,
Liv. 6, 34:
Gelo maximus stirpis,
id. 23, 30:
ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,
App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.
in gen.: Cyrus major,
Lact. 4, 5, 7:
quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,
Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:
Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:
ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:
L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:
patres majoresque nostri,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:
more majorum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 1:
spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:
majores natu,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:
maxima virgo,
the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:
de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,
Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
2.
In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:
magni esse,
to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:
magni aestimare,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:
magni existimans interesse ad decus,
to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:
emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
magno vendere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:
conducere aliquid nimium magno,
too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:
magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,
cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:
ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,
Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:
multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,
dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:
senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:
extollere aliquid in majus,
more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:
celebrare,
id. ib. 13, 8:
nuntiare,
id. H. 3, 38:
credere,
to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:
accipere,
to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—
3.
Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):
magnum clamat,
greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:
inclamare,
Gell. 5, 9 fin.:
exclamat derepente maximum,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).
A.
Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—
B.
In gen.
1.
With no qualifying words.
a.
With the addition of the second term of the comparison.
(α).
With verbs:
quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:
saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:
magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:
nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,
id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:
quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,
Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:
tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,
id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:
quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
id. Cael. 6, 14.—
(β).
With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):
umbra es amantum magis quam amator,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:
magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:
aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,
id. Mur. 8, 17:
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:
ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13, 6:
se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,
id. ib. 2, 32, 1:
timori magis quam religioni consulere,
id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:
jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:
in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,
Quint. 9, 1, 23:
Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,
Liv. 10, 4, 10:
pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,
Sen. Suas. 6, 17:
non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,
Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:
nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,
Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):
quid philosophia magis colendum?
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?
Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):
Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:
quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?
id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:
quam mage amo quam matrem meam,
id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:
quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,
id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:
jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:
nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,
Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:
neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,
id. Am. 2, 1, 54:
ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:
corpora magna magis quam firma,
Liv. 5, 44, 4:
vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:
neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:
ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,
Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):
ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —
b.
Without the addition of the second term.
(α).
With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):
sapiunt magis,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:
magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10, 3:
magis metuant,
id. Mil. 5, 44:
tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:
cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—
(β).
With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):
magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,
better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:
ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
magis anxius,
Ov. M. 1, 182:
hic magis tranquillu'st,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:
nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:
nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,
id. ib. 2, 1, 21:
quod est magis verisimile,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:
magis admirabilis oratio,
Quint. 8, 3, 24:
magis communia verba,
id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;
nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:
magis aperte,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:
magis impense,
id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:
magis est dulcius,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:
magis majores nugae,
id. Men. prol. 55:
magis modum in majorem,
id. Am. 1, 1, 145:
contentiores mage erunt,
id. Poen. 2, 15.—
2.
Strengthened.
a.
By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:
qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,
Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:
illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:
tanto magis Dic, quis est?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:
ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,
id. Most. 3, 2, 146:
vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,
Lucr. 6, 460:
quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25:
sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:
atque eo magis, si, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:
eoque magis quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;
5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:
magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:
tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 787:
quanto mage... tam magis,
Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:
quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:
quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:
densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. G. 3, 309:
cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—
b.
By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:
cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,
Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:
magis deinde ac magis,
Suet. Vit. 10:
post hoc magis ac magis,
id. Gram. 3;
for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,
id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:
magis atque magis,
Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:
post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,
id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—
3.
Pleon.
a.
With potius (anteclass.):
magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:
mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—
b.
With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;
his vero auditis multo magis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:
finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —
C.
In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.
1.
To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:
domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,
i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:
non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,
Liv. 22, 27, 2:
conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,
Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:
si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:
non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,
Sen. Ep. 87, 25;
Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,
Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:
nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,
just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—
2.
For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:
deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:
miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,
Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—
3.
Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:
sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,
Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:
minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:
quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:
quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,
id. Suas. 1, 5:
aut minus, aut magis,
id. Ep. 82, 14.—
4.
With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:
alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:
sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:
alii aliis magis recusare,
Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.
A.
Lit.
1.
Alone.
a.
With a verb:
haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:
quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:
nos coluit maxime,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:
quem convenire maxime cupiebam,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:
de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:
extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,
id. Quint. 10, 35:
in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,
most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,
came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.
pugnare,
most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:
jubere,
most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:
id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:
ab eo exordiri volui maxime,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
cernere naturae vim maxime,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—
b.
With an adj.:
res maxime necessaria,
Cic. Lael. 23, 86:
loca maxime frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
loci ad hoc maxime idonei,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
maxime naturali carent amicitia,
Cic. Lael. 21, 80:
maxime feri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,
id. ib. 1, 3:
idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
elegans maxime auctor,
id. 10, 1, 93:
maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,
id. 2, 4, 37:
noto enim maxime utar exemplo,
id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:
quae maxime liberalissima,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:
maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),
Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —
c.
With numerals, at most:
puer ad annos maxime natus octo,
Gell. 17, 8, 4.—
d.
With an adv.:
ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—
2.
Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):
qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,
Curt. 5, 2, 5:
cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,
Nep. Milt. 1, 1:
quae maxime omnium belli avida,
Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:
atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:
imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:
hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:
quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,
id. Part. Or. 33, 114:
quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,
as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:
ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:
ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:
quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:
ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,
Quint. 12, 6, 6.—
3.
With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:
tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,
as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:
grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,
Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—
4.
With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):
hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:
ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.
, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,
id. ib. 1, 15, 47:
ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—
5.
In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:
hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,
Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:
si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,
id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:
in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:
maxime... dein,
Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:
sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,
Col. 5, 6, 4:
maxime... deinde... postea... minume,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:
maxime... postea... ultimae,
Col. 6, 3, 6:
post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,
Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:
scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:
maxime quod de judicatu meo,
id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,
id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:
scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:
plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:
tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:
longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,
id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:
cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:
ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,
Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:
haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;
2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:
tum cum maxime,
at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,
tunc cum maxime,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:
nunc cum maxime,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—
2.
In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,
Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.
2.
Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > maxume

13 maxumus

1.
magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:
magnai reipublicai gratia,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.
I.
Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.
the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,
a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:
magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,
Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:
magnus fluens Nilus,
Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:
magna et pulcra domus,
spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
montes,
Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):
templa caelitum,
vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):
aquae,
great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
oppidum maximum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—
B.
Esp.
1.
Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:
maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:
magna pecunia mutua,
id. Att. 11, 3, 3:
copia pabuli,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16:
multitudo peditatus,
id. ib. 4, 34:
divitiae,
Nep. Dion. 1, 2:
populus,
Verg. A. 1, 148.—
2.
Rarely of time, for longus, multus:
interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,
Verg. A. 3, 284:
magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,
Macr. S. 2, 11:
magno post tempore,
Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—
3.
Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:
magna voce confiteri,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:
tribunorum,
Liv. 9, 46, 7.
II.
Trop.
A.
In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):
vir magnus in primis,
Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,
id. ib. 2, 66, 167:
magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,
Nep. Them. 6, 1:
Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,
Sall. C. 53, 1:
amicus,
great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):
virtus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 15:
infamia,
Cic. Fam. 1, 1:
eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,
id. ib.:
multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46:
causa,
great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:
opus et arduum,
id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:
quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,
something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
magna loqui,
to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:
magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,
it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,
what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:
quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:
jam magno natu,
Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:
homo magnus natu,
id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:
qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:
audivi ex majoribus natu,
id. Off. 1, 30, 109:
hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,
Verg. A. 5, 644:
annos natus major quadraginta,
more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:
civis major annis viginti,
Suet. Caes. 42:
cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,
Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:
ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,
Liv. 6, 34:
Gelo maximus stirpis,
id. 23, 30:
ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,
App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.
in gen.: Cyrus major,
Lact. 4, 5, 7:
quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,
Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:
si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,
Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:
Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:
ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,
id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:
L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:
patres majoresque nostri,
id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:
more majorum,
id. Att. 1, 1, 1:
spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:
majores natu,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:
maxima virgo,
the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:
de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,
Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
2.
In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:
magni esse,
to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:
magni aestimare,
id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:
magni existimans interesse ad decus,
to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:
emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,
id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:
magno vendere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:
conducere aliquid nimium magno,
too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:
magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,
cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:
ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,
Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:
multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,
dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:
senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:
extollere aliquid in majus,
more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:
celebrare,
id. ib. 13, 8:
nuntiare,
id. H. 3, 38:
credere,
to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:
accipere,
to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—
3.
Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):
magnum clamat,
greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:
inclamare,
Gell. 5, 9 fin.:
exclamat derepente maximum,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).
A.
Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—
B.
In gen.
1.
With no qualifying words.
a.
With the addition of the second term of the comparison.
(α).
With verbs:
quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:
saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:
magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:
nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,
Cic. Mil. 7, 17:
magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,
id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:
quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,
Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:
tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,
id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:
quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,
id. Cael. 6, 14.—
(β).
With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):
umbra es amantum magis quam amator,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:
magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:
aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,
id. Mur. 8, 17:
magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:
ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,
id. ib. 1, 13, 6:
se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,
id. ib. 2, 32, 1:
timori magis quam religioni consulere,
id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:
jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),
Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:
in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,
Quint. 9, 1, 23:
Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,
Liv. 10, 4, 10:
pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,
Sen. Suas. 6, 17:
non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,
Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:
nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,
Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):
quid philosophia magis colendum?
Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:
quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?
Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,
Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):
Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:
quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?
id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:
quam mage amo quam matrem meam,
id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:
quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,
id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:
jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:
nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,
Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:
neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,
id. Am. 2, 1, 54:
ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:
corpora magna magis quam firma,
Liv. 5, 44, 4:
vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,
Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:
neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:
ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,
Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):
ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —
b.
Without the addition of the second term.
(α).
With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):
sapiunt magis,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:
magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10, 3:
magis metuant,
id. Mil. 5, 44:
tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:
cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—
(β).
With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):
magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,
better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—
(γ).
With pronn.:
ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—
(δ).
With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:
ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
magis anxius,
Ov. M. 1, 182:
hic magis tranquillu'st,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:
nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:
nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,
id. ib. 2, 1, 21:
quod est magis verisimile,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:
magis admirabilis oratio,
Quint. 8, 3, 24:
magis communia verba,
id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;
nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:
magis aperte,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:
magis impense,
id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:
magis est dulcius,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:
magis majores nugae,
id. Men. prol. 55:
magis modum in majorem,
id. Am. 1, 1, 145:
contentiores mage erunt,
id. Poen. 2, 15.—
2.
Strengthened.
a.
By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:
qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,
Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:
illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:
tanto magis Dic, quis est?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:
ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,
id. Most. 3, 2, 146:
vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,
Lucr. 6, 460:
quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,
Cic. Mil. 9, 25:
sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:
atque eo magis, si, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:
eoque magis quod, etc.,
id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;
5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:
hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 20:
quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:
magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:
tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 787:
quanto mage... tam magis,
Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:
quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:
quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
id. As. 1, 3, 6:
densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,
Verg. G. 3, 309:
cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—
b.
By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:
cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,
Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:
de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,
Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:
magis deinde ac magis,
Suet. Vit. 10:
post hoc magis ac magis,
id. Gram. 3;
for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,
id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:
magis atque magis,
Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:
post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,
id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—
3.
Pleon.
a.
With potius (anteclass.):
magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:
mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,
id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—
b.
With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;
his vero auditis multo magis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:
finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,
Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —
C.
In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.
1.
To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:
domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,
i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:
non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,
Liv. 22, 27, 2:
conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,
Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:
si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:
non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,
Sen. Ep. 87, 25;
Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,
Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:
nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,
just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—
2.
For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:
deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:
miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,
Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—
3.
Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:
sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,
Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:
minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:
quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:
quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,
id. Suas. 1, 5:
aut minus, aut magis,
id. Ep. 82, 14.—
4.
With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:
alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:
sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,
id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:
alii aliis magis recusare,
Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.
A.
Lit.
1.
Alone.
a.
With a verb:
haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:
quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?
Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:
nos coluit maxime,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:
quem convenire maxime cupiebam,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:
de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,
Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:
extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,
id. Quint. 10, 35:
in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,
most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,
came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.
pugnare,
most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:
jubere,
most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:
id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,
Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:
ab eo exordiri volui maxime,
id. Off. 1, 2, 4:
cernere naturae vim maxime,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—
b.
With an adj.:
res maxime necessaria,
Cic. Lael. 23, 86:
loca maxime frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:
loci ad hoc maxime idonei,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
maxime naturali carent amicitia,
Cic. Lael. 21, 80:
maxime feri,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4:
qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,
id. ib. 1, 3:
idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,
Quint. 1, 11, 13:
elegans maxime auctor,
id. 10, 1, 93:
maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,
id. 2, 4, 37:
noto enim maxime utar exemplo,
id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:
quae maxime liberalissima,
Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:
maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),
Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —
c.
With numerals, at most:
puer ad annos maxime natus octo,
Gell. 17, 8, 4.—
d.
With an adv.:
ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—
2.
Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):
qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,
Curt. 5, 2, 5:
cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,
Nep. Milt. 1, 1:
quae maxime omnium belli avida,
Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:
atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:
imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:
hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:
quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,
id. Part. Or. 33, 114:
quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,
as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:
ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:
ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:
quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3:
ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,
Quint. 12, 6, 6.—
3.
With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:
tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,
as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:
grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,
Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—
4.
With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):
hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:
ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.
, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,
id. ib. 1, 15, 47:
ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—
5.
In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:
hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,
Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:
si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,
id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:
in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:
maxime... dein,
Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:
sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,
Col. 5, 6, 4:
maxime... deinde... postea... minume,
Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:
maxime... postea... ultimae,
Col. 6, 3, 6:
post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,
Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:
quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:
scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,
Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:
maxime quod de judicatu meo,
id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:
cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,
id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:
scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:
plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:
tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,
id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:
longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,
id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:
cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9:
ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,
Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:
haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;
2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,
id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:
tum cum maxime,
at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,
tunc cum maxime,
Curt. 3, 2, 17:
nunc cum maxime,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—
2.
In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:
scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,
Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.
2.
Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > maxumus

14 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

15 vida

f.

1 life (existencia).

en vida de during the life o lifetime of

estar con vida to be alive

perder la vida to lose one's life

quitar la vida a alguien to kill somebody

¿qué es de tu vida? how's life?

vida amorosa love life

vida campestre country life

la vida estudiantil student life

vida eterna eternal life

vida de familia family life

vida laboral working life

vida matrimonial married life

vida privada private life

vida sana clean living

vida sentimental love life

vida sexual sex life

vida social social life

vida útil shelf life

2 life span, life span of person, duration.

3 livelihood, subsistence.

4 cost of living.

5 Vida.

* * *

vida

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) life

2 (viveza) liveliness

3 (tiempo) lifetime, life

4 (modo de vivir) life, way of life

5 (medios) living, livelihood

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

amargarle la vida a alguien to make somebody's life a misery

¡así es la vida! such is life!, that's life!

cambiar de vida to change one's life style

como si le fuera la vida en ello as if his life depended on it

costarle algo la vida a alguien to pay with one's life

dar la vida por to give one's life for, give one's right arm for

dar vida a (parir) to give birth to 2 (realizar) to bring to life

darse la gran vida / pegarse la gran vida / darse la vida padre familiar to live it up

debatirse entre la vida y la muerte to fight for one's life

de por vida for life

de toda la vida lifelong

■ un amigo de toda la vida a lifelong friend

echarse a la vida familiar to go on the game, become a prostitute

en la flor de la vida in the prime of life

en mi (tu, su, etc) vida never in my (your, his, etc) life

en vida de during the life of

escapar con vida / salir con vida to come out alive, survive

estar con vida / estar sin vida to be alive / be dead

¡esto es vida! / ¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!

ganarse la vida to earn one's living

hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make life impossible for somebody

llevar una vida agitada / llevar una vida tranquila to lead a busy life / lead a quiet life

pagar alguien con su vida to pay with one's life

pasar a mejor vida eufemístico to pass away

perder la vida to die

¿qué es de tu vida? how are things?

quitarle la vida a alguien to take somebody's life

¡vida mía! / ¡mi vida! my love!, darling!

la otra vida the next life

señales de vida signs of life

vida de perros dog's life

vida familiar family life

vida íntima private life

vida sentimental love life

* * *

noun f.

1) life

2) lifetime

* * *

SF

1) (=existencia) life

he vivido aquí toda mi vida — I've lived here all my life

está escribiendo la vida de Quevedo — he is writing the life o a life o a biography of Quevedo

¿qué es de tu vida? — what's new?, how's life?

le va la vida en ello — his life depends on it

• con vida — alive

estar con vida — to be still alive

escapar o salir con vida — to escape o come out alive

•en vida de, en vida de mi marido — when my husband was alive, during my husband's lifetime

¡en la o mi vida! — never (in all my life)!

en mi vida he visto semejante cosa — I've never seen such a thing (in all my life)

• vida o muerte, una operación a vida o muerte — a life-or-death operation

es una cuestión de vida o muerte — it's a matter of life and death

estar entre la vida y la muerte — to be at death's door

debatirse entre la vida y la muerte — to be fighting for one's life

• la otra vida — the next life

• perder la vida — to lose one's life

• de por vida — for life

• quitar la vida a algn — to take sb's life

• quitarse la vida — to take one's own life

• rehacer la vida — to start a new life

• sin vida — lifeless

encontró en el suelo el cuerpo sin vida de su marido — she found her husband's lifeless body on the floor

fue hallado sin vida — he was found dead

un cuerpo sin vida — a (dead) body, a corpse

• toda la vida, un amigo de toda la vida — a lifelong friend

ya no hay trabajos para toda la vida — there are no jobs for life nowadays

vida eterna — everlasting life

vida íntima — private life

vida nocturna — nightlife

vida privada — private life

vida sentimental — love-life
esperanza
2) (=forma de vivir) life

llevan una vida muy tranquila — they lead a very quiet life

• la vida airada — (=modo de vida) the criminal life; (=hampa) the underworld

de vida airada — loose-living, immoral

• mujer de vida alegre — loose woman

• vida arrastrada — wretched life

• la vida cotidiana — everyday life

• doble vida — double life

llevar una doble vida — to lead o live a double life

• hacer vida marital — to live together (as man and wife)

hacer una vida normal — to lead a normal life

no hacer vida social — to have no social life

hay que dejarles hacer su vida — you must let them live their own life

• mala vida, echarse a la mala vida — to go astray

llevar mala vida — to have a dissolute lifestyle

mujer de mala vida — loose woman

vida de perros, vida perra — dog's life, wretched life

3) (=sustento)

la vida está muy cara — the cost of living is very high

tienen la vida resuelta — they are set up for life

• coste de la vida — cost of living

• ganarse la vida — to earn o make one's living

se gana la vida haciendo traducciones — he earns o makes his living doing translations

• nivel de vida — standard of living
buscar 3.
4) [de objeto]

la vida de estos edificios es breve — the life of these buildings is short

la media de vida de un televisor — the average lifespan of a television set

vida útil — (Com) lifespan; (Téc) useful life

5)

- amargar la vida a algn

- así es la vida

- ¡por vida del chápiro verde!

- complicarse la vida

contar la vida —

¡no me cuentes tu vida! — I don't want your life story!

costarle la vida a algn —

le costó la vida — it cost him his life

dar vida a algn —

la mujer que me dio la vida — the woman who brought me into the world

dar vida a un personaje — to play a part

- darse buena vida o la vida padre

- estar encantado de la vida

acepté encantada de la vida — I was delighted to accept

- enterrarse en vida

- ¡esto es vida!

- hacer por la vida

- dar mala vida a algn

- meterse en vidas ajenas

- ¡hijo de mi vida!

- la vida y milagros de algn

cuéntame tu vida y milagros — tell me all about yourself

pasarse la vida —

se pasa la vida quejándose — he's forever complaining

pasar la vida a tragos — *to have a miserable life

- pasar a mejor vida

- pegarse la gran vida o la vida padre

- tener siete vidas como los gatos

- vender cara la vida
vivir 2., 1)
6) (=vitalidad)

lleno de vida — [ojos] lively; [persona] full of life

sus ojos sin vida — his lifeless eyes

este sol es la vida — this sunshine is a real tonic

• dar vida a, la música le da vida a estas imágenes — the music brings these images to life

dar vida a una fiesta — to liven up a party

7) (apelativo cariñoso)

¡vida!, ¡vida mía! — my love!, my darling!

8) euf
(=prostitución)
una mujer de la vida — a loose woman

echarse a la vida — to go on the game *

hacer la vida — to be on the game *

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Biol) life

la vida marina — marine life

a los tres meses de vida — at three months (old)

el derecho a la vida — the right to life

una cuestión de vida o muerte — a matter of life and death

se debate entre la vida y la muerte — she's fighting for her life

140 personas perdieron la vida — (period) 140 people lost their lives (journ)

quitarse la vida — to take one's (own) life (frml)

eso le costó la vida — (period) that cost him his life

como si le fuera la vida en ello — as if his life depended on it

salir con vida — to escape alive

dieron la vida por la patria — they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country

la mujer que te dio la vida — the woman who brought you into this world

mientras hay vida hay esperanza — where there is life there is hope

b) (viveza, vitalidad) life

lleno de vida — full of life

le falta vida — it's/she's/he's not very lively

2) ( extensión de tiempo) life

a lo largo de su vida — throughout his life

toda una vida — a lifetime

en vida de tu padre — when your father was alive

la relación tuvo una vida muy corta — the relationship was very short-lived

la vida de un coche — the life-span of a car

un amigo de toda la vida — a lifelong friend

el hombre de su vida — the man of her dreams

el amor de mi vida — the love of my life

amargarle la vida a alguien — to make somebody's life a misery

amargarse la vida — to make oneself miserable

complicarle la vida a alguien — to make somebody's life difficult

complicarse la vida — to make life difficult for oneself

de por vida — for life

en la/mi vida: en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!; en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!; hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make somebody's life impossible; tener siete vidas — to have nine lives

3)

a) (manera de vivir, actividades) life

lleva una vida muy ajetreada — she leads a very busy life

la música es toda su vida — she lives for music

¿qué es de tu vida? — what have you been up to?

hace or vive su vida — he gets on with o lives his own life

esto sí que es vida! — this is the life!

(así) es la vida! — that's life, such is life

qué vida ésta! — what a life!

darse la gran vida — to live the life of Riley (colloq)

estar encantado de la vida — to be thrilled, to be over the moon (colloq)

estar/quedar loco de la vida — (CS fam) to be over the moon (colloq)

la vida y milagros de alguien — (CS fam) somebody's life story

pasar a mejor vida — (hum) persona to kick the bucket (colloq); traje/botas to bite the dust (colloq)

pegarse la vida padre — (fam) to live the life of Riley (colloq)

b) ( en determinado aspecto) life

vida privada — private life

su vida sentimental — his love life

c) ( biografía) life

- vida alegre

- vida de perros

- vida eterna

- vida social

4) ( necesidades materiales)

tiene la vida resuelta — she's set up for life

la vida está carísima — the cost of living is very high

ganarse la vida — to earn one's o a living

buscarse la vida — (fam) to make a living

5) ( como apelativo) darling

mi vida! — (my) darling!

* * *

= life [lives, -pl.], life story, lifeblood, lifetime [life time], living, life's work, lifework, life and limb.

Ex. We are comfortable with the things we know and can do because they give us a sense of control over our lives.

Ex. This study attempts to illustrate and illuminate the life story of a remarkable pioneering woman, Tryn Ras, using pictorial sources.

Ex. Since libraries are the lifeblood of research, it seems only fitting then that the education of librarians should include familiarity with research methodology.

Ex. Bibliography and Library science reflect the changes that took place in Bliss's lifetime.

Ex. They seem to regard literature as a secondary experience, more akin to being a peeping Tom, an impotent voyeur, rather than being one of the healthy, active people who get on with real living.

Ex. Evelyn Bliss devoted his life's work to the study of classification and BC is the results of his efforts.

Ex. This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.

Ex. This is a special issue devoted partly to the theme: Life and limb: issues of security and safety.

----

* abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.

* acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* acortar + Posesivo + vida = cut + Posesivo + life short.

* actitud ante la vida = approach to life.

* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.

* agotar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.

* ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.

* alargar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.

* alegrar la vida a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + life.

* al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.

* amante de la vida al aire libre = outdoor enthusiast.

* apostarse la vida = bet + Posesivo + life.

* aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida = lifelong learning.

* aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.

* arreglar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + (own) house in order.

* arriesgar la vida = risk + life and limb, play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life.

* arriesgar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + life on the line.

* aspectos de la vida = sphere of life.

* atentar contra la vida de Alguien = attempt on + Posesivo + life.

* atraído por la promesa de una vida mejor = drawn by the promise of a better life.

* aunque me fuera la vida ene ello = for the life of me.

* autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.

* buena vida = good life.

* calidad de vida = quality of life.

* cambiar la vida = change + life.

* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.

* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.

* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.

* circunstancias de la vida = accident of birth.

* cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.

* cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.

* cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.

* comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.

* como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.

* como forma de vida = as a way of life.

* como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.

* compañero de vida = lifemate.

* compañía aseguradora de vida = life-insurance company.

* compañía de seguros de vida = life-insurance company.

* complicarse la vida = ask for + trouble.

* condicionar la vida = condition + life.

* condiciones de vida = living conditions.

* conocer vida = see + the world.

* contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.

* costar la vida = cost + life.

* coste de la vida = cost of living.

* coste de vidas humanas = human cost.

* crearse una vida = build + life.

* crucial para la vida de una persona = lifesaving.

* cuerpo sin vida = dead body.

* cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.

* culto a la vida = cult of life.

* dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.

* dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.

* dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.

* dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.

* dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.

* dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.

* dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.

* dar vida = imbue with + life, animate, bring to + life.

* dar vida a = jazz up, brighten up, give + life to.

* dar vida a Algo = bring + Nombre + to life.

* dedicar la vida a = devote + life to.

* dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.

* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.

* de la vida real = real-life.

* de por vida = lifelong [life-long], lifetime [life-time].

* derecho a la vida = right to live.

* desquiciar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.

* de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].

* de vida enclaustrada = cloistered.

* de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.

* devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.

* devolver la vida = bring + Nombre + back to life.

* disfrutar de la vida = sail through + life.

* diversidad de la vida = biodiversity, diversity of life, life-form diversity.

* durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].

* durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.

* durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.

* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.

* empezar una nueva etapa en la vida = turn over + a new page, turn over + a new leaf.

* encarcelar de por vida = jail for + life.

* en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.

* enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.

* en la vida real = in real life.

* en los primeros años de vida = early in life.

* en + Posesivo + vida = in + Posesivo + time.

* enriquecer la vida de Alguien = enrich + Posesivo + life.

* entregar + Posesivo + vida, = give + Posesivo + all.

* equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.

* esperanza de vida = life expectancy, lifespan [life span].

* estilo de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style], style of life, way of life.

* estilo de vida alternativo = alternative life-style.

* etapa de la vida = life stage.

* expectativas de vida = life expectancy.

* experiencia de la vida = experience of life.

* facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* filosofía de vida = philosophy of life.

* forma de vida = way of life.

* ganarse la vida = earn + a living, make + a living, earn + income, earn + Posesivo + living, make + Posesivo + living, Verbo + for a living.

* ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.

* habilidades necesarias para la vida cotidiana = life skills.

* hábitos de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].

* hacer frente a la vida = cope.

* hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacer que la vida sea un infierno = make + life hell.

* hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.

* hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].

* historia de vida = life history.

* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.

* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.

* infundir nueva vida a = breathe + (new) life into.

* inmiscuirse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* jugarse la vida = play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb, bet + Posesivo + life.

* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.

* la vida continúa = the show must go on.

* la vida + continuar = life + go on.

* la vida es así = life's like that.

* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* lienzo de la vida, el = canvas of life, the.

* línea de vida = lifeline.

* lisiado de por vida = lamed for life.

* lisiar a Alguien de por vida = lame + Nombre + for life.

* llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* lleno de vida = vibrant, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], spirited, teeming with life, vivacious, ebullient, saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].

* llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.

* llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.

* llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.

* llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.

* mantener la vida = sustain + life.

* mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life support.

* mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.

* mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.

* mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.

* meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* mientras hay vida hay esperanza = where there's life there's hope.

* modo de vida = way of life.

* modo de vida tradicional = folklife.

* muerto en vida = living dead.

* nada en la vida es gratuito = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.

* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.

* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.

* nueva vida = greener pastures, pastures new.

* oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.

* otra vida, la = afterlife [after-life].

* para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.

* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.

* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.

* perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.

* pérdida de vidas = loss of life, toll on life.

* perdonar la vida = spare + life.

* permanecer con vida = stay + alive.

* pletórico de vida = teeming with life.

* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.

* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* posteriormente en + Posesivo + vida = in later life.

* problemas de la vida = life problems [life-problems].

* prolongar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.

* prolongar la vida útil = extend + the useful life, prolong + useful life, increase + useful life.

* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.

* que da vida = life-giving.

* que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.

* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.

* quitarse la vida = take + Posesivo + (own) life.

* rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.

* reconstruir + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.

* reformar + Posesivo + vida = reform + Posesivo + life.

* régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].

* rehacer + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.

* salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.

* salvar la vida = save + life.

* salvar la vida de milagro = have + a close shave with death.

* secreto de la vida, el = secret of life, the.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguro de vida = life insurance.

* seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.

* seguro de vida vitalicio = whole life insurance.

* sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.

* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.

* ser todo vida = be all life.

* situaciones de la vida = life situations [life-situations].

* soplo de vida = kiss of life.

* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.

* tener una vida larga y próspera = live + long and prosper.

* toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.

* toda una vida = a lifetime.

* toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.

* toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.

* trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.

* triunfar en la vida = succeed in + life.

* truncar + Posesivo + vida = snip + Posesivo + life short, cut + Posesivo + life short.

* una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.

* una oportunidad única en la vida = once in a lifetime opportunity.

* una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.

* una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.

* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.

* vida acuática = aquatic life.

* vida afectiva = love life.

* vida amorosa = love life.

* vida animal = animal life.

* vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.

* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* vida cívica = civic life.

* vida civil = civic life.

* vida como trabajador = working life.

* vida corporativa = corporate life.

* vida cotidiana = daily life, everyday living, daily living.

* vida cotidiana, la = day to day life, the, everyday life.

* vida cultural = cultural life.

* vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* vida + dar un vuelco = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.

* vida de archivo = archival life.

* vida de, la = life nerve of, the.

* vida de la ciudad = urban life, city life.

* vida de la comunidad = community life.

* vida del mundo literario = literary life.

* vida de perros = a dog's life.

* vida desenfrenada = life in the fast lane.

* vida desequilibrada = unbalanced life, imbalanced life.

* vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].

* vida diaria = daily life.

* vida diaria, la = everyday life.

* vida dilatada = long life.

* vida disoluta = life in the fast lane, loose life.

* vida doméstica = domestic life, home life.

* vida emocional = emotional life.

* vida en el campo = rural life.

* vida en el entorno familiar = family life.

* vida en el hogar = home life.

* vida en el trabajo = job life.

* vida entera, la = whole lifelong, whole life.

* vida equilibrada = balanced life.

* vida espiritual = spiritual life.

* vida + expirar = life + expire.

* vida extraterrestre = alien life.

* vida fácil = fast living.

* vida familiar = family life.

* vida futura = future life.

* vida humana = human life.

* vida laboral = working life.

* vida literaria = literary life.

* vida marítima = seafaring.

* vida media = half-life.

* vida mejor = better life.

* vida moderna, la = modern life.

* vida nocturna = nightlife, night life.

* vida or muerte = life or death.

* vida pasada = previous life.

* vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.

* vida personal = personal life.

* vida privada = private life.

* vida profesional = professional life.

* vida pública = public life.

* vida real = real life.

* vida rural = rural life.

* vida salvaje = wildlife.

* vida sana = healthy life.

* vida sentimental = love life.

* vida sexual = sex life.

* vida social = social life.

* vida urbana = city life, urban life.

* vida útil = lifetime [life time], life expectancy, lifespan [life span], useful life, shelf life, service life.

* vida útil de un documento = shelf life.

* vida vegetal = plant life.

* vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.

* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.

* vuelta a la vida = resuscitation, resurrection.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Biol) life

la vida marina — marine life

a los tres meses de vida — at three months (old)

el derecho a la vida — the right to life

una cuestión de vida o muerte — a matter of life and death

se debate entre la vida y la muerte — she's fighting for her life

140 personas perdieron la vida — (period) 140 people lost their lives (journ)

quitarse la vida — to take one's (own) life (frml)

eso le costó la vida — (period) that cost him his life

como si le fuera la vida en ello — as if his life depended on it

salir con vida — to escape alive

dieron la vida por la patria — they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country

la mujer que te dio la vida — the woman who brought you into this world

mientras hay vida hay esperanza — where there is life there is hope

b) (viveza, vitalidad) life

lleno de vida — full of life

le falta vida — it's/she's/he's not very lively

2) ( extensión de tiempo) life

a lo largo de su vida — throughout his life

toda una vida — a lifetime

en vida de tu padre — when your father was alive

la relación tuvo una vida muy corta — the relationship was very short-lived

la vida de un coche — the life-span of a car

un amigo de toda la vida — a lifelong friend

el hombre de su vida — the man of her dreams

el amor de mi vida — the love of my life

amargarle la vida a alguien — to make somebody's life a misery

amargarse la vida — to make oneself miserable

complicarle la vida a alguien — to make somebody's life difficult

complicarse la vida — to make life difficult for oneself

de por vida — for life

en la/mi vida: en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!; en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!; hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make somebody's life impossible; tener siete vidas — to have nine lives

3)

a) (manera de vivir, actividades) life

lleva una vida muy ajetreada — she leads a very busy life

la música es toda su vida — she lives for music

¿qué es de tu vida? — what have you been up to?

hace or vive su vida — he gets on with o lives his own life

esto sí que es vida! — this is the life!

(así) es la vida! — that's life, such is life

qué vida ésta! — what a life!

darse la gran vida — to live the life of Riley (colloq)

estar encantado de la vida — to be thrilled, to be over the moon (colloq)

estar/quedar loco de la vida — (CS fam) to be over the moon (colloq)

la vida y milagros de alguien — (CS fam) somebody's life story

pasar a mejor vida — (hum) persona to kick the bucket (colloq); traje/botas to bite the dust (colloq)

pegarse la vida padre — (fam) to live the life of Riley (colloq)

b) ( en determinado aspecto) life

vida privada — private life

su vida sentimental — his love life

c) ( biografía) life

- vida alegre

- vida de perros

- vida eterna

- vida social

4) ( necesidades materiales)

tiene la vida resuelta — she's set up for life

la vida está carísima — the cost of living is very high

ganarse la vida — to earn one's o a living

buscarse la vida — (fam) to make a living

5) ( como apelativo) darling

mi vida! — (my) darling!

* * *

= life [lives, -pl.], life story, lifeblood, lifetime [life time], living, life's work, lifework, life and limb.

Ex: We are comfortable with the things we know and can do because they give us a sense of control over our lives.

Ex: This study attempts to illustrate and illuminate the life story of a remarkable pioneering woman, Tryn Ras, using pictorial sources.

Ex: Since libraries are the lifeblood of research, it seems only fitting then that the education of librarians should include familiarity with research methodology.

Ex: Bibliography and Library science reflect the changes that took place in Bliss's lifetime.

Ex: They seem to regard literature as a secondary experience, more akin to being a peeping Tom, an impotent voyeur, rather than being one of the healthy, active people who get on with real living.

Ex: Evelyn Bliss devoted his life's work to the study of classification and BC is the results of his efforts.

Ex: This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.

Ex: This is a special issue devoted partly to the theme: Life and limb: issues of security and safety.

* abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.

* acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* acortar + Posesivo + vida = cut + Posesivo + life short.

* actitud ante la vida = approach to life.

* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.

* agotar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.

* ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.

* alargar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.

* alegrar la vida a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + life.

* al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.

* amante de la vida al aire libre = outdoor enthusiast.

* apostarse la vida = bet + Posesivo + life.

* aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida = lifelong learning.

* aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.

* arreglar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + (own) house in order.

* arriesgar la vida = risk + life and limb, play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life.

* arriesgar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + life on the line.

* aspectos de la vida = sphere of life.

* atentar contra la vida de Alguien = attempt on + Posesivo + life.

* atraído por la promesa de una vida mejor = drawn by the promise of a better life.

* aunque me fuera la vida ene ello = for the life of me.

* autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.

* buena vida = good life.

* calidad de vida = quality of life.

* cambiar la vida = change + life.

* cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.

* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.

* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.

* circunstancias de la vida = accident of birth.

* cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.

* cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.

* cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.

* comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.

* como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.

* como forma de vida = as a way of life.

* como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.

* compañero de vida = lifemate.

* compañía aseguradora de vida = life-insurance company.

* compañía de seguros de vida = life-insurance company.

* complicarse la vida = ask for + trouble.

* condicionar la vida = condition + life.

* condiciones de vida = living conditions.

* conocer vida = see + the world.

* contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.

* costar la vida = cost + life.

* coste de la vida = cost of living.

* coste de vidas humanas = human cost.

* crearse una vida = build + life.

* crucial para la vida de una persona = lifesaving.

* cuerpo sin vida = dead body.

* cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.

* culto a la vida = cult of life.

* dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.

* dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.

* dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.

* dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.

* dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.

* dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.

* dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.

* dar vida = imbue with + life, animate, bring to + life.

* dar vida a = jazz up, brighten up, give + life to.

* dar vida a Algo = bring + Nombre + to life.

* dedicar la vida a = devote + life to.

* dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.

* defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.

* de la vida real = real-life.

* de por vida = lifelong [life-long], lifetime [life-time].

* derecho a la vida = right to live.

* desquiciar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.

* de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].

* de vida enclaustrada = cloistered.

* de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.

* devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.

* devolver la vida = bring + Nombre + back to life.

* disfrutar de la vida = sail through + life.

* diversidad de la vida = biodiversity, diversity of life, life-form diversity.

* durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].

* durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.

* durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.

* el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.

* empezar una nueva etapa en la vida = turn over + a new page, turn over + a new leaf.

* encarcelar de por vida = jail for + life.

* en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.

* enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.

* en la vida real = in real life.

* en los primeros años de vida = early in life.

* en + Posesivo + vida = in + Posesivo + time.

* enriquecer la vida de Alguien = enrich + Posesivo + life.

* entregar + Posesivo + vida, = give + Posesivo + all.

* equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.

* esperanza de vida = life expectancy, lifespan [life span].

* estilo de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style], style of life, way of life.

* estilo de vida alternativo = alternative life-style.

* etapa de la vida = life stage.

* expectativas de vida = life expectancy.

* experiencia de la vida = experience of life.

* facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* filosofía de vida = philosophy of life.

* forma de vida = way of life.

* ganarse la vida = earn + a living, make + a living, earn + income, earn + Posesivo + living, make + Posesivo + living, Verbo + for a living.

* ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.

* habilidades necesarias para la vida cotidiana = life skills.

* hábitos de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].

* hacer frente a la vida = cope.

* hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* hacer que la vida sea un infierno = make + life hell.

* hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.

* hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].

* historia de vida = life history.

* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.

* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.

* infundir nueva vida a = breathe + (new) life into.

* inmiscuirse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* jugarse la vida = play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb, bet + Posesivo + life.

* la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.

* la vida continúa = the show must go on.

* la vida + continuar = life + go on.

* la vida es así = life's like that.

* ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.

* lienzo de la vida, el = canvas of life, the.

* línea de vida = lifeline.

* lisiado de por vida = lamed for life.

* lisiar a Alguien de por vida = lame + Nombre + for life.

* llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.

* lleno de vida = vibrant, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], spirited, teeming with life, vivacious, ebullient, saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].

* llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.

* llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.

* llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.

* llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.

* mantener la vida = sustain + life.

* mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life support.

* mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.

* mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.

* mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.

* meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.

* mientras hay vida hay esperanza = where there's life there's hope.

* modo de vida = way of life.

* modo de vida tradicional = folklife.

* muerto en vida = living dead.

* nada en la vida es gratuito = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.

* nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.

* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.

* nueva vida = greener pastures, pastures new.

* oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.

* otra vida, la = afterlife [after-life].

* para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.

* pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.

* pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.

* perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.

* pérdida de vidas = loss of life, toll on life.

* perdonar la vida = spare + life.

* permanecer con vida = stay + alive.

* pletórico de vida = teeming with life.

* poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.

* poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* posteriormente en + Posesivo + vida = in later life.

* problemas de la vida = life problems [life-problems].

* prolongar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.

* prolongar la vida útil = extend + the useful life, prolong + useful life, increase + useful life.

* que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.

* que da vida = life-giving.

* que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.

* que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.

* quitarse la vida = take + Posesivo + (own) life.

* rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.

* reconstruir + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.

* reformar + Posesivo + vida = reform + Posesivo + life.

* régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].

* rehacer + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.

* salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.

* salvar la vida = save + life.

* salvar la vida de milagro = have + a close shave with death.

* secreto de la vida, el = secret of life, the.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguro de vida = life insurance.

* seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.

* seguro de vida vitalicio = whole life insurance.

* sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.

* sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.

* ser todo vida = be all life.

* situaciones de la vida = life situations [life-situations].

* soplo de vida = kiss of life.

* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.

* tener una vida larga y próspera = live + long and prosper.

* toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.

* toda una vida = a lifetime.

* toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.

* toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.

* trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.

* triunfar en la vida = succeed in + life.

* truncar + Posesivo + vida = snip + Posesivo + life short, cut + Posesivo + life short.

* una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.

* una oportunidad única en la vida = once in a lifetime opportunity.

* una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.

* una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.

* ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.

* vida acuática = aquatic life.

* vida afectiva = love life.

* vida amorosa = love life.

* vida animal = animal life.

* vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.

* vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* vida cívica = civic life.

* vida civil = civic life.

* vida como trabajador = working life.

* vida corporativa = corporate life.

* vida cotidiana = daily life, everyday living, daily living.

* vida cotidiana, la = day to day life, the, everyday life.

* vida cultural = cultural life.

* vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.

* vida + dar un vuelco = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.

* vida de archivo = archival life.

* vida de, la = life nerve of, the.

* vida de la ciudad = urban life, city life.

* vida de la comunidad = community life.

* vida del mundo literario = literary life.

* vida de perros = a dog's life.

* vida desenfrenada = life in the fast lane.

* vida desequilibrada = unbalanced life, imbalanced life.

* vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].

* vida diaria = daily life.

* vida diaria, la = everyday life.

* vida dilatada = long life.

* vida disoluta = life in the fast lane, loose life.

* vida doméstica = domestic life, home life.

* vida emocional = emotional life.

* vida en el campo = rural life.

* vida en el entorno familiar = family life.

* vida en el hogar = home life.

* vida en el trabajo = job life.

* vida entera, la = whole lifelong, whole life.

* vida equilibrada = balanced life.

* vida espiritual = spiritual life.

* vida + expirar = life + expire.

* vida extraterrestre = alien life.

* vida fácil = fast living.

* vida familiar = family life.

* vida futura = future life.

* vida humana = human life.

* vida laboral = working life.

* vida literaria = literary life.

* vida marítima = seafaring.

* vida media = half-life.

* vida mejor = better life.

* vida moderna, la = modern life.

* vida nocturna = nightlife, night life.

* vida or muerte = life or death.

* vida pasada = previous life.

* vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.

* vida personal = personal life.

* vida privada = private life.

* vida profesional = professional life.

* vida pública = public life.

* vida real = real life.

* vida rural = rural life.

* vida salvaje = wildlife.

* vida sana = healthy life.

* vida sentimental = love life.

* vida sexual = sex life.

* vida social = social life.

* vida urbana = city life, urban life.

* vida útil = lifetime [life time], life expectancy, lifespan [life span], useful life, shelf life, service life.

* vida útil de un documento = shelf life.

* vida vegetal = plant life.

* vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.

* volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.

* vuelta a la vida = resuscitation, resurrection.

* * *

vida

feminine

A

1 ( Biol) life

la vida marina marine life

a los tres meses de vida at three months (old)

el derecho a la vida the right to life

no pudieron salvarle la vida they were unable to save his life

era una cuestión de vida o muerte it was a matter of life and death

se debate entre la vida y la muerte she's fighting for her life

140 personas perdieron la vida en el accidente ( period); 140 people lost their lives in the accident ( journ)

quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life ( frml)

el accidente que le costó la vida ( period); the accident that cost him his life

jugarse la vida to risk one's life

se puso como si le fuera la vida en ello he behaved as if his life depended on it

sólo tres personas lograron salir con vida only three people escaped alive, there were only three survivors

encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río ( period); his body was found by the river

el cuerpo sin vida de su amada ( liter); the lifeless body of his beloved ( liter)

dieron la vida por la patria they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country

la mujer que te dio la vida the woman who brought you into this world

el actor que da vida al personaje de Napoleón the actor who plays o portrays Napoleon

con la vida en un hilo or pendiente de un hilo: estuvo un mes entero con la vida en un hilo his life hung by a thread for a whole month

real como la vida misma true, true-life

es una historia real como la vida misma it's a true o true-life story

mientras hay vida hay esperanza where there is life there is hope

2 (viveza, vitalidad) life

es un niño sano, lleno de vida he's a healthy child, full of life

la ciudad es bonita, pero le falta vida it's a nice city but it's not very lively o it doesn't have much life

unas cortinas amarillas le darían vida a la habitación yellow curtains would liven up o brighten up the room

B (extensión de tiempo) life

se pasa la vida viendo la televisión he spends his life watching television

toda una vida dedicada a la enseñanza a lifetime dedicated to teaching

a lo largo de su vida throughout his life

en vida de tu padre when your father was alive

la corta vida del último gobierno the short life of the last government

la relación tuvo una vida muy corta the relationship was very short-lived

la vida de un coche/electrodoméstico the life-span of a car/an electrical appliance

cuando encuentres al hombre de tu vida when you find the man of your dreams o your Mr Right

es el amor de mi vida she's the love of my life

amargarle la vida a algn to make sb's life a misery

amargarse la vida to make oneself miserable

complicarle la vida a algn to make sb's life difficult

complicarse la vida to make life difficult for oneself

de por vida for life

de toda la vida loc adj/adv (desde siempre) lifelong

se conocen de toda la vida they know each other from way back

un programa/una medicina de toda la vida a run-of-the-mill program*/medicine

un amigo/votante de toda la vida a lifelong friend/voter

en la/mi vida: ¡en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!

¡en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!

en mi perra vida lo he visto (CS fam); I've never seen him in my life

enterrarse en vida to cut oneself off from the world

hacerle la vida imposible a algn to make sb's life impossible

tener siete vidas como los gatos to have nine lives

C

1 (manera de vivir, actividades) life

lleva una vida muy ajetreada she leads a very busy life

la medicina/pintura es toda su vida she lives for medicine/painting

¿qué tal? ¿qué es de tu vida? how are you? what have you been up to?

déjalo que haga or viva su vida let him get on with o let him live his own life

¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!

¡(así) es la vida! that's life, such is life

la vida le sonríe fortune has smiled on her

hacen vida de casados or marital they live together

comparten la casa pero no hacen vida en común they share the house but they lead separate lives o they live separately

¡qué vida ésta! what a life!

¡qué vida más cruel! ( hum); it's a hard life! ( hum)

darse or pegarse una or la gran vida to have an easy life ( colloq), to live the life of Riley ( colloq)

estar encantado de la vida to be thrilled, to be thrilled to bits ( colloq), to be over the moon ( colloq)

está encantada de la vida con el nuevo trabajo she's thrilled to bits o she's over the moon with her new job

¿podríamos hacer la fiesta en tu casa? — por mí, encantado de la vida could we have the party at your house? — I'd be delighted to o that's absolutely fine by me

estar/quedar loco de la vida (CS fam); to be over the moon ( colloq), to be thrilled

la vida y milagros or ( RPI) la vida, obra y misterios ( fam); life story

se sabe la vida y milagros de todo el mundo he knows everybody's life story

pasar a mejor vida ( hum) «persona» to kick the bucket ( colloq), to croak ( colloq);

«vestido/zapatos» to bite the dust ( colloq)

pegarse la vida padre ( fam); to have an easy life

2 (en determinado aspecto) life

vida privada/militar private/military life

su vida sentimental or amorosa his love life

3 (biografía) life

la vida y obra de Cervantes the life and works of Cervantes

las vidas de los santos the lives of the saints

Compuestos:

● vida alegre

( euf):

ser de vida alegre to be in the profession o the life ( AmE), to be on the game ( BrE colloq)

● vida contemplativa

life of contemplation

● vida de perros

( fam); dog's life

tuvo una vida de perros she led a dog's life

● vida eterna or perdurable

la vida eterna or perdurable eternal o everlasting life

● vida nocturna

nightlife

● vida social

social life

no hacen mucha vida social they don't socialize much, they don't have much social life

D

(necesidades materiales): con ese dinero tiene la vida resuelta with that money she's set up for life

la vida está carísima everything is so expensive, the cost of living is very high

ganarse la vida to earn one's o a living

buscarse la vida ( fam): me busco la vida como puedo one way or another I get by o I make a living

¡pues, ahora que se busque la vida! well, now he'll have to stand on his own two feet o get by on his own!

E (como apelativo) darling

¡mi vida! or ¡vida mía! my darling!, darling!

pero hija de mi vida ¿cómo se te ocurrió hacer eso? but my dear, what made you do that?

* * *

vida sustantivo femenino
1
a) (Biol) life;

◊ la vida marina marine life;

una cuestión de vida o muerte a matter of life and death;
quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life (frml);
salir con vida to escape alive
b) (viveza, vitalidad) life;

◊ lleno de vida full of life;

le falta vida it's/she's/he's not very lively
2 ( extensión de tiempo, existencia) life;
◊ a lo largo de su vida throughout his life;

toda una vida a lifetime;
la vida de un coche the life-span of a car;
un amigo de toda la vida a lifelong friend;
amargarle la vida a algn to make sb's life a misery;
complicarse la vida to make life difficult for oneself;
de por vida for life;
hacerle la vida imposible a algn to make sb's life impossible
3 (manera de vivir, actividades) life;
◊ lleva una vida muy ajetreada she leads a very busy life;

¿qué es de tu vida? what have you been up to?;
hace or vive su vida he lives his own life;
¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!;
¡(así) es la vida! that's life, such is life;
vida privada private life;
su vida sentimental his love life;
una mujer de vida alegre a woman of easy virtue;
¡qué vida de perros! it's a dog's life;
hacer vida social to socialize;
estar encantado de la vida to be thrilled, to be over the moon (colloq)
4 ( necesidades materiales):
◊ la vida está carísima the cost of living is very high;

ganarse la vida to earn one's o a living;
tiene la vida resuelta he's set up for life
5 ( como apelativo) darling;
◊ ¡mi vida! (my) darling!

vida sustantivo femenino
1 (existencia) life: no hay vida en Marte, there is no life on Mars
estar con vida, to be alive
quitarse la vida, to take one's own life
2 (periodo vital) life: toda la vida ha sido socialista, he's been a socialist all his life
de corta vida, short-lived
toda una vida, a lifetime
3 (modo de vida) ¿cómo te va la vida?, how's life?
la literatura es su vida, he lives for literature o literature is his life
lleva una vida muy desordenada, she lives o leads a very chaotic life
♦ Locuciones: familiar ¡esto es vida!, this is the life (situación muy agradable, placentera) ¡esto es vida!, todo el día tumbado sin tener que trabajar, this is the life! lazing around all day without having to work
fam (resolver un asunto, problema) buscarse la vida: no tengo dinero, - me da igual, ¡búscate la vida!, I haven't got any money, - I couldn't care less, go and sort your own problems out
figurado Lit Cine Teat (representar un personaje) dar vida: en esa película el actor da vida a Napoleón, in that film the actor plays the part of Napoleon
dar la vida, to sacrifice o give one's life
ganarse la vida, to earn one's living
fig fam (morir) pasar a mejor vida, to pass away
(independencia) tener/vivir su (propia) vida alguien: ya no está con sus padres, tiene su propia vida, he isn't with his parents anymore, he's living his own life
a vida o muerte, (situación de alto riesgo) le tuvieron que operar a vida o muerte, it was a life or death operation
de mi/tu/su... vida: el amor de mi vida, the love of my life
de por vida, for life
de toda la vida, lifelong
en la vida, never in one's life
Rel la otra vida, the next life
familiar vida de perros, dog's life
fam (hechos y anécdotas de un personaje o persona) vida y milagros de alguien, the full details about sb
' vida' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agitada
- agitado
- amargarse
- andar
- atentar
- comentar
- complicarse
- constante
- contemplativa
- contemplativo
- convivencia
- conyugal
- cosa
- crepúsculo
- cruzarse
- delante
- descansada
- descansado
- desengañarse
- desgraciada
- desgraciado
- encarrilar
- episodio
- ser
- ermitaña
- ermitaño
- esperanza
- flor
- ir
- ganarse
- hipótesis
- ilusión
- indigna
- indigno
- inerte
- intrepidez
- jamás
- juego
- jugar
- martirio
- muerta
- muerto
- mujer
- normalización
- oportunidad
- padecer
- padre
- pajolera
- pajolero
- pantalla
English:
abundance
- account
- active
- afterlife
- alive
- amenities
- assurance
- attempt
- bang up
- battle
- bread
- breeding ground
- bright
- busy
- carp
- chapter
- clean
- conception
- cost
- cost of living
- crossroads
- dead
- dear
- dedicate
- destroy
- dodge
- dog
- domestic
- earn
- easy
- eccentric
- emigrate
- existence
- fascination
- flat
- give up
- gracious
- greed
- greediness
- hell
- herself
- high life
- himself
- hurdle
- impossible
- index-linked
- insurance
- lead
- life
- life expectancy

* * *

vida nf

1. [estado fisiológico, hecho de existir] life;

¿hay vida en otros planetas? is there life on other planets?;

el cuerpo sin vida de un soldado the lifeless body of a soldier;

el conflicto se cobró muchas vidas many lives were lost in the conflict;

aquello le costó la vida that cost him his life;

dar la vida por to give one's life for;

estar con vida to be alive;

va a ser una operación a vida o muerte the operation may save his life but it may also kill him;

estar entre la vida y la muerte to be at death's door;

perder la vida to lose one's life;

quitar la vida a alguien to kill sb;

quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life;

salir con vida to come out alive;

como si la vida le fuera en ello as if his/her life depended on it;

ser una cuestión o [m5] un asunto de vida o muerte to be a matter of life and death;

Comp

enterrarse en vida to forsake the world;

Comp

pasar a mejor vida Euf [persona] to pass away;
[prenda, aparato, utensilio] to have had it;
Comp

la otra vida the next life;

Comp

tenía la vida pendiente de un hilo her life was hanging by a thread;

Comp

tener siete vidas (como los gatos) to have nine lives;

Prov

mientras hay vida hay esperanza hope springs eternal

Comp
vida artificial artificial life;
la vida eterna eternal life;

vida extraterrestre extraterrestrial life;

vida intrauterina intrauterine life

2. [periodo de existencia] life;

trabajó toda su vida he worked all his life;

una vida plagada de éxitos a lifetime of success;

de mi/tu/ etc[m5] vida of my/your/ etc life;

el amor/la oportunidad de su vida the love/chance of his life;

un amigo de toda la vida a lifelong friend;

le conozco de toda la vida I've known him all my life;

de toda la vida las novias van de blanco brides have worn white since time immemorial, brides have always worn white;

de por vida for life;

en vida de during the life o lifetime of;

eso no lo hubieras dicho en vida de tu padre you would never have said that while your father was alive;

así no vas a aprobar en la o [m5] tu vida you'll never pass like that;

¡en mi o [m5] la vida vi cosa igual! I'd never seen such a thing in all my life!;

pasarse la vida haciendo algo to spend one's life doing sth;

se pasa la vida quejándose he does nothing but complain all the time;

Comp

hacer la vida imposible a alguien to make sb's life impossible;

Comp
Am
toda la vida: [sin duda] [m5]¿prefieres África a Europa? – ¡toda la vida! do you prefer Africa to Europe? – every time! o you bet!;

Comp

la vida da muchas vueltas you never know what life has got in store for you;

Comp

la vida y milagros de alguien sb's life story

3. Com [de maquinaria, aparato, automóvil] life;

tiene una vida útil de veinte años it has a useful life of twenty years, it's designed to last for twenty years

Comp
vida en estantería shelf life;
vida media average life, mean lifetime

4. [forma de vivir, faceta cotidiana] life;

su vida es el teatro the theatre is her life;

¿cómo es tu vida diaria? what would be a typical day in your life?;

la vida política del país the country's political life;

¿no te gustaría cambiar de vida? wouldn't you like to change your life o the way you live?;

yo hago o [m5] vivo mi vida como todo el mundo I just get on with my life like everyone else;

lleva una vida muy tranquila she leads o lives a very peaceful life;

¡así es la vida! that's life!, such is life!;

¡esto (sí que) es vida! this is the life!;

una mujer de vida alegre a loose woman;

¿qué es de tu vida? how's life?;

¡qué vida ésta! what a life!;

la buena vida the good life;

Comp

darse o [m5]pegarse la gran vida, darse o [m5] pegarse la vida padre to live the life of Riley;

Comp

llevar una vida de perros to lead a dog's life

Comp
vida amorosa love life;
vida de familia family life;

vida privada private life;

vida pública public life;

vida sentimental love life;

vida sexual sex life;

vida social social life;

hacer vida social (con) to socialize (with)

5. [animación] life;

este pueblo tiene mucha vida this town is very lively;

estar lleno de vida to be full of life;

Brando da vida al personaje del padre Brando plays the father

Comp
vida nocturna nightlife
6. [necesidades materiales]
la vida está muy cara en Japón the cost of living is very high in Japan;
Fam
está la vida muy achuchada money's very tight;

ganarse la vida to earn a living;

con este trabajo me gano bien la vida I make a good living from this job

7. [apelativo cariñoso] darling;

¡mi vida!, ¡vida mía! my darling!

* * *

vida

f life; esp
TÉC life span;
de por vida for life;

toda la vida all one’s life;

somos amigos de toda la vida we have been friends all our lives;

en mi vida never (in my life);

en vida in his/ her etc lifetime;

¿qué es de tu vida? how are things?;

ganarse la vida earn a living;

vivir su vida live one’s own life;

hacer la vida imposible a alguien make s.o.’s life impossible;

a vida o muerte life-or-death;

estar entre la vida y la muerte be hovering between life and death, be fighting for life;

darse buena vida o

la gran vida live high on the hog fam, live the life of Riley fam ;

pasar a mejor vida pass away;

quitarse la vida take one’s own life, kill o.s.;

perder la vida lose one’s life;

salir con vida come out alive;

sin vida lifeless;

la vida y milagros de alguien s.o.’s life story;

vida en pareja married life, life together;

vida familiar/sentimental family/love life;

vida interior inner self;

así es la vida that’s life;

vida mía my love;

mujer de la vida loose woman;

dar vida a TEA play the part of

* * *

vida nf

1) : life

la vida cotidiana: everyday life

2) : life span, lifetime

3) biografía: biography, life

4) : way of life, lifestyle

5) : livelihood

ganarse la vida: to earn one's living

6) viveza: liveliness

7)

media vida : half-life

* * *

vida n

1. (en general) life [pl. lives]

lleva una vida muy interesante she leads a very interesting life

2. (sustento) living

se gana la vida como escritor he earns a living as a writer

de toda la vida all one's life

lo conozco de toda la vida I've known him all my life

en la vida never

en la vida había visto algo así I've never seen anything like it

estar con vida to be alive

Spanish-English dictionary > vida

16 ab

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:
AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;
AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;
AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;
AF SOLO,
ib. 589;
AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):
abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):
abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:
abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;
and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;
and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
I.
In space, and,
II.
Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
I.
Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):
Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:
ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:
illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:
venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
b.
Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:
oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:
quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:
ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:
protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:
profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;
of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:
classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;
of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:
legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.
c.
Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):
Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:
libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:
Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:
cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:
multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:
so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:
a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:
ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
B.
Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
1.
Of separation:
ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:
abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:
tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:
absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—
2.
Of distance:
quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:
nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:
hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:
terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:
non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):
cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:
qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:
quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:
procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:
tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;
v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:
tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:
tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:
onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:
duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —
3.
To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:
picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:
pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:
non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:
erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
II.
Fig.
A.
In time.
1.
From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:
Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:
mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:
Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:
ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:
a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:
ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:
confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:
statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;
and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:
protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:
Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—
Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:
secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
2.
With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:
ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:
infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:
vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:
cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:
in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:
centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:
cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:
ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:
diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:
quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:
jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:
ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:
cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:
a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:
pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
b.
Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:
qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:
mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,
a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:
jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:
ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:
jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:
ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.
followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:
a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:
usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:
jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:
a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:
viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;
rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:
qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,
a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:
a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:
a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:
ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:
ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:
a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:
a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:
ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:
ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;
and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
B.
In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
1.
In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):
suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:
qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:
quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:
condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:
mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:
quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:
ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:
ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):
qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:
tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:
Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:
quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:
hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:
discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):
quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:
alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):
subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:
haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:
non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
2.
In partic.
a.
To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:
a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:
ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:
disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:
illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:
ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:
pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:
niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:
quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:
salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:
a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:
ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):
levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:
a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:
si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:
ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:
metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:
bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:
ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:
lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:
Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:
tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:
vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,
ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:
si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:
deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;
and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:
ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:
(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
b.
With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:
pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:
Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):
obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
c.
In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:
(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
d.
With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:
da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,
da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:
coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:
cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:
a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
e.
With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:
a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:
tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:
Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:
expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:
haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):
ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:
ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:
ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
f.
With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:
el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:
ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:
metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;
v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:
postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
g.
With verbs of fastening and holding:
funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:
cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
h.
Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:
a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
i.
Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):
id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
j.
Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:
doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:
a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:
a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,
a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:
laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
k.
Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:
ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:
a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:
orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):
locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:
sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:
ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:
ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;
so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
l.
In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:
linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:
ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
m.
Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:
ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:
fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:
dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.
n.
In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:
scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
o.
In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:
qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:
ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:
nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
p.
To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;
in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,
a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
q.
The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:
a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:
a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:
ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:
ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:
a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:
a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;
Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:
a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.
► a.
Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:
Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:
a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:
a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:
res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
b.
Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
c.
It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:
a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:
a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:
a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:
a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:
damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
d.
The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):
aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:
aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:
aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:
a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:
abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:
a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §
7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
e.
A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
III.
In composition ab,
1.
Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
2.
It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

17 caer

v.

1 to fall.

tropezó y cayó al suelo she tripped and fell (over o down)

caer de un tejado/árbol to fall from a roof/tree

caer rodando por la escalera to fall down the stairs

dejar caer algo to drop something (objeto)

María cayó por las gradas Mary fell down the stairs.

2 to fall (rain, snow).

cayeron cuatro gotas there were a few spots of rain

3 to go down, to set (sun).

al caer el día o la tarde at dusk

al caer el sol at sunset

4 to fall for it.

5 to drop in (to visit). ( Latin American Spanish)

Se me cayó el vaso I dropped the glass.

6 to decrease, to decline, to fall, to drop.

La presión barométrica cayó The barometric pressure decreased=fell.

7 to drop it.

Se me cayó I dropped it.

8 to fall on, to drop on, to fall over.

Me cayó una gota de lluvia A raindrop fell on me.

9 to crash on.

Se me cayó el sistema The system crashed on me.

* * *

CAER

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

caigo, caes, cae, caemos, caéis, caen.

Past Indicative

caí, caíste, cayó, caímos, caísteis, cayeron.

Present Subjunctive

caiga, caigas, caiga, caigamos, caigáis, caigan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

cayera, cayeras, cayera, cayéramos, cayerais, cayeran;

cayese, cayeses, cayese, cayésemos, cayeseis, cayesen.

Future Subjunctive

cayere, cayeres, cayere, cayéremos, cayereis, cayeren.

Imperative

cae (tú), caiga (él/Vd.), caigamos (nos.), caed (vos.), caigan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to fall

2) drop

3) hang

•

- caerse
- caer bien
- caer mal
* * *
Para las expresiones caer en la cuenta, caer en desuso, caer en el olvido, caer enfermo, caer redondo, caerse de risa, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) [persona, objeto]

a) [desde la posición vertical] to fall

me hice daño al caer — I fell and hurt myself

cayó al suelo y se dio un golpe en la cabeza — he fell to the ground and hit his head

tropezó y cayó de espaldas — she stumbled and fell on her back

cayó muerto de un tiro — he was shot dead

• [hacer] caer algo — to knock sth over

al pasar hizo caer la lámpara — he knocked the lamp over as he brushed past

b) [desde una altura] to fall

cayó de un tercer piso — he fell from the third floor

el niño cayó al río — the child fell into the river

cayó una bomba en el mercado — a bomb fell on the market

el avión cayó al mar — the plane came down in the sea

el coche cayó por un barranco — the car went over a cliff

• [dejar] caer — [+ objeto] to drop; [+ comentario] to slip in

se sobresaltó y dejó caer la bandeja — she gave a start and dropped the tray

dejó caer que estaba buscando otro trabajo — he mentioned that he was looking for another job

• [dejarse] caer — [sobre sofá, cama] to fall; (=visitar) to drop in, drop by

se dejó caer sobre la cama — he fell onto the bed

suele dejarse caer por aquí — he usually drops in {o} by

• caer [sobre] algo/algn — to fall on sth/sb

una gran piedra cayó sobre el tejado — a large stone fell on the roof

cayeron sobre nosotros rocas enormes — huge boulders fell on us

los presos cayeron sobre el guarda — the prisoners fell on the warder

los fotógrafos cayeron sobre ella — the photographers pounced on her

queremos que caiga sobre él todo el peso de la Ley — we want the full weight of the law to be brought to bear on him

- estar al caer

su excarcelación está al caer — his release is imminent {o} is expected any day

el jefe está al caer — the boss will be here any moment

2) [lluvia, helada]

la lluvia caía incesantemente sobre Madrid — the rain was falling continuously on Madrid

cayó un chaparrón — there was a heavy shower

¡qué nevada ha caído! — what a heavy snowfall!, what a heavy fall of snow!

cayó un rayo en la torre — the tower was struck by lightning

3) (=colgar) to hang, fall

es una tela que cae mucho — it's a fabric which hangs {o} falls nicely

le caía un mechón sobre la frente — a lock of hair fell across his forehead

4) (=bajar) [precio, temperatura] to fall, drop

caerá la temperatura por debajo de los veinte grados — the temperature will fall {o} drop below twenty degrees

el dólar cayó más de cinco centavos — the dollar fell over five cents

la bolsa de Nueva York ha vuelto a caer — the New York stock exchange has fallen again
picado 2., 2)
5) (=ser derrotado) [soldados, ejército] to be defeated; [deportista, equipo] to be beaten; [ciudad, plaza] to fall, be captured; [criminal] to be arrested

cayó en la final ante su rival polaco — he was beaten in the final by his Polish rival

ha caído el gobierno — the government has fallen

6) (=morir) to fall, die

muchos cayeron en el campo de batalla — many fell {o} died on the field of battle

cayó como un valiente — he died a hero

cayeron abatidos por las balas — they were killed by the gunfire

- caer como chinches

7)

• caer [en] (=incurrir) —

caer en un engaño — to be tricked

no debemos caer en el triunfalismo — we mustn't give way to triumphalism {o} to crowing over our triumphs

• caer en el [error] de hacer algo — to make the mistake of doing sth

• caer en la [tentación] — to give in {o} yield to temptation

y no nos dejes caer en la tentación — (Biblia) and lead us not into temptation

caer bajo —

¡qué bajo has caído! — [moralmente] how low can you get!, how can you sink so low?; [socialmente] you've certainly come down in the world!
trampa 2)
8) (=darse cuenta)

no caigo — I don't get it *, I don't understand

ya caigo — I see, now I understand, now I get it *

• caer en [que] — to realize that

9) [fecha] to fall, be

su cumpleaños cae en viernes — her birthday falls {o} is on a Friday

¿en qué cae el día de Navidad? — what day is Christmas Day?, what day does Christmas fall on?

10) (=tocar)

el premio gordo ha caído en Madrid — the first prize (in the lottery) {o} the jackpot went to Madrid

• caerle [a algn], le pueden caer muchos años de condena — he could get a very long sentence

le puede caer una multa de 50 dólares — he could get a 50 dollar fine

- ¡la que nos ha caído encima!

11) (=estar situado) to be

¿por dónde cae eso? — whereabouts is that?

eso cae más hacia el este — that lies {o} is further to the east

12)

• caer [dentro] de (=estar comprendido en) —

no cae dentro de mis atribuciones — it is not within my powers

esta cuestión no cae dentro del ámbito de este trabajo — that falls outside the scope of this study

eso cae dentro de la responsabilidad de los ayuntamientos — that falls within the remit of town councils

13) (=causar impresión)

no les caí — CAm I didn't hit it off with them, I didn't get on well with them, they didn't take to me

• caer [bien] a algn, me cae (muy) bien — I (really) like him, I like him (very much)

no me cae nada bien — I don't like him at all

Pedro no le cayó bien a mi padre — Pedro didn't make a very good impression on my father, my father didn't really take to Pedro

• caer [gordo] {o} [fatal] a algn * —

me cae gordo {o} fatal el tío ese — I can't stand that guy

• caer [mal] a algn, me cae mal — I don't like him

14) (=sentar)

a) [información, comentario]

me cayó fatal lo que me dijiste — I was very upset by what you said, what you said really upset me

la noticia cayó como un mazazo — the news was a blow

b) [ropa]

caerle bien a algn — to suit sb

caerle mal a algn — not to suit sb

15) (=terminar)

• al caer la [noche] — at nightfall

• al caer la [tarde] — at dusk

2.

See:

caerse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( de una altura) to fall; ( de posición vertical) to fall over

caí mal — I fell badly o awkwardly

cayó cuan largo era — he fell flat on his face

el coche cayó por un precipicio — the car went over a cliff

cayó muerto allí mismo — he dropped down dead on the spot

se dejó caer en el sillón/en sus brazos — she flopped into the armchair/fell into his arms

se dejó caer desde el borde del precipicio — he jumped off from the edge of the cliff

el avión cayó en picada or (Esp) en picado — the plane nosedived

cayó en el mar — it came down in the sea

caer parado — (AmL) ( literal) to land on one's feet; ( tener suerte) to fall o land on one's feet

dejar caer algo — < objeto> to drop; < noticia> to let drop o fall; < indirecta> to drop

2) chaparrón/nevada

cayó un chaparrón — it poured down

cayó una fuerte nevada — it snowed heavily

cayó una helada — there was a frost

cayeron unas pocas gotas — there were a few drops of rain

el rayo cayó cerca — the lightning struck nearby

3)

a) cortinas/falda to hang

el pelo le caía suelto hasta la cintura — her hair hung down to her waist

b) terreno to drop

caer en pendiente — to slope down

4)

a) ( incurrir)

caer en algo: no caigas en ese error don't make that mistake; cayó en la tentación de mirar she succumbed to the temptation to look; la obra por momentos cae en lo ridículo at times the play lapses into the ridiculous; caer muy bajo to stoop very low; qué bajo has caído — you've really sunk low this time

b) (en engaño, timo)

todos caímos (en la trampa) — we all fell for it

caer como angelitos — (fam)

cayeron como chinos or angelitos — they swallowed it hook, line and sinker

5) (fam) (entender, darse cuenta)

ah, ya caigo! — ( ya entiendo) oh, now I get it! (colloq); ( ya recuerdo) oh, now I remember

no caigo — I can't think o I'm not sure what (o who etc) you mean

no caí en que tú no tenías llave — I didn't realize o (fam) I didn't click that you didn't have keys

6) ( en un estado)

caer en desuso — palabra to fall into disuse; costumbre to die out

caer en el olvido — to sink into oblivion

caer enfermo — to fall ill

cayó en cama — he took to his bed

7)

a) gobierno/ciudad to fall

caer en poder de alguien — to fall to somebody

b) ( perder el cargo) to lose one's job

se hará una investigación, caiga quien caiga — an inquiry will be held, however many heads have to roll

c) soldado ( morir) to fall, die; ( ser apresado) to be caught

8)

a) desgracia/maldición

caer sobre alguien — to befall somebody (frml or liter)

la que me (te, etc) ha caído encima — (fam)

no sabes la que te ha caído encima — you don't know what's in store for you

b)

al caer la tarde/la noche — at sunset o dusk/nightfall

antes de que caiga la noche — before it gets dark o before nightfall

9) (fam) ( tocar en suerte)

le cayó una pregunta muy difícil — he got a really difficult question

le cayeron tres años (de cárcel) — he got three years (in jail)

el gordo cayó en Bilbao — the jackpot was won by someone in Bilbao

10) (+ compl)

a) ( sentar)

el pescado me cayó mal — the fish didn't agree with me

le cayó muy mal que no la invitaran — she was very upset about not being invited

b) ( en cuestiones de gusto)

tu primo me cae muy bien — I really like your cousin

me cae de gordo or de mal... — (fam) I can't stand him (colloq)

11)

a) (fam) ( presentarse) to show up, turn up (BrE)

de vez en cuando cae or se deja caer por aquí — she drops by o in now and then

estar al caer: los invitados están al caer — the guests will be here any minute o moment (now)

b) ( abalanzarse)

caer sobre alguien — to fall upon o on somebody

caerle encima a alguien — (fam) to pounce o leap on somebody

12)

a) ( estar comprendido)

caer dentro de algo — to fall within something

cae dentro de nuestra jurisdicción — it comes under o falls within our jurisdiction

cae dentro de sus obligaciones — that's one of her duties

b) cumpleaños/festividad to fall on

el 20 cae en (un) domingo — the 20th falls on a Sunday o is a Sunday

¿el 27 (en) qué día cae or en qué cae? — what day's the 27th?

c) (Esp fam) ( estar situado) to be

¿por dónde cae? — whereabouts is that?

13) precios/temperatura to fall, drop

14) (Ven) ( aportar dinero) (fam) to chip in (colloq)

15) (Ven fam) llamada

la llamada no me cayó — I couldn't get through
2.
caerse v pron

1)

a) ( de una altura) to fall; ( de la posición vertical) to fall, to fall over

te vas a caer — you'll fall

me caí por las escaleras — I fell down the stairs

caerse del caballo/de la cama — to fall off one's horse/out of bed

se cayó redondo — (fam) he collapsed in a heap

está que se cae de cansancio — (fam) she's dead on her feet (colloq)

b) (+ me/te/le etc)

oiga, se le cayó un guante — excuse me, you dropped your glove

se me cayó de las manos — it slipped out of my hands

cuidado, no se te vaya a caer — be careful, don't drop it

por poco se me cae el armario encima — the wardrobe nearly fell on top of me

se me están cayendo las medias — my stockings are falling down

caerse con alguien — (Col fam) to go down in somebody's estimation

no tiene/tienen dónde caerse muerto/muertos — (fam) he hasn't/they haven't got a penny to his/their name

se cae por su propio peso or de maduro — it goes without saying

2) ( desprenderse) diente to fall out; hojas to fall off; botón to come off, fall off

se le ha empezado a caer el pelo — he's started to lose his hair

la ropa se le caía a pedazos — her clothes were falling to pieces

* * *

= drop, fall, tumble, slump, take + a tumble.

Ex. The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.

Ex. There may be pale drip marks in the neighbourhood of the tranchefiles, where drops of water fell from the deckle or from the maker's hand on to the new-made sheet.

Ex. The form this 'hypothesis' has come to take is easily dismissed as a straw figure and serious consideration of the relation between language diversity and thinking has largely tumbled with it.

Ex. The copy was grubby from use, a paperback with a photographically realistic full-color painting on its cover of an early teenage boy slumped in what looked to me like a corner of a very dirty back alley, a can of Coke in his hand.

Ex. Tourism takes a tumble in Australia due to the global credit crunch.

----

* al caer la noche = at nightfall.

* caer aguanieve = sleet.

* caer al vacío = fall into + the void, fall into + (empty) space.

* caer como chinches = drop like + flies.

* caer como moscas = drop like + flies.

* caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* caer de espaldas = fall on + Posesivo + back.

* caer dentro de = fall within/into, fall into.

* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.

* caer de pie = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.

* caer deshecho = flake out.

* caer desplomado = slump in + a heap.

* caer en = run + foul of, lapse into, slip into, slide into.

* caer en barbecho = fall on + barren ground, fall on + fallow ground.

* caer en batalla = fall in + battle.

* caer en combate = fall in + action.

* caer en descrédito = come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute.

* caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.

* caer en desuso = fall into + disuse, fall out of + fashion, go out of + use, lapse, fall into + disfavour, die out, drop from + sight, go out of + favour, pass away, fall into + desuetude, fall into + desuetude, pass into + desuetude, sink into + desuetude, sink into + oblivion.

* caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.

* caer en el olvido = fall into + obscurity, fall into + oblivion, fade into + obscurity, fade into + oblivion, blow over.

* caer enfermo = become + ill, fall + ill, get + sick.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* caer en gracia = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to, take + a liking to.

* caer en la cuenta = dawn on, wise up, the penny dropped, suss (out).

* caer en la cuenta de = realise [realize, -USA].

* caer en la nada = fall into + the void, fall into + (empty) space.

* caer en la oscuridad = fall into + obscurity, sink into + oblivion, sink into + obscurity, fade into + obscurity, fade into + oblivion.

* caer en la tentación = fall into + temptation.

* caer en la trampa = fall into + the trap, fall for + it, fall into + the snare.

* caer en manos de = fall into + the hands of.

* caer en manos enemigas = fall into + enemy hands.

* caer en oídos sordos = fall on + deaf ears, meet + deaf ears.

* caer en picado = plummet, swoop, take + a nosedive, nosedive.

* caer en redondo = flake out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out, keel over.

* caer en terreno baldío = fall on + barren ground, fall on + fallow ground.

* caer en terreno pedregoso = fall on + stony ground.

* caer en una broma = fall for + a joke, fall for + it.

* caer en una trampa = tumble into + pitfall.

* caer en un hábito = lapse into + habit.

* caer fuera de = fall outside, lie beyond.

* caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera de las responsabilidades de = be on the outer fringes of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* caer fuera del objetivo de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer hecho polvo = flake out.

* caer mal = rub + Nombre + up the wrong way.

* caer por selección = drop.

* caer presa de = fall + prey to, be prey of.

* caerse = fall out, fall off, tumble down, topple over, come + a cropper, go down, fall over, take + a tumble.

* caerse a = topple onto.

* caerse bien = hit it off.

* caerse colándose por = fall through.

* caerse de = fall off of.

* caerse de bruces = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.

* caerse de la cama = roll out of + bed.

* caerse hacia atrás = fall backwards.

* caerse hacia delante = fall forward.

* caérsele la baba por = go + gaga (over).

* caerse muerto = drop + dead.

* caerse recondo = pass out.

* caerse redondo = keel over, flake out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.

* caer sobre = fall onto.

* caer un chaparrón = the skies + open up.

* caer un diluvio = the skies + open up.

* cayéndose a pedazos = disintegrating.

* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.

* dejar caer = drop, dump.

* dejar caer insinuaciones = throw + hints.

* dejar caer una indirecta = drop + a hint.

* dejarse caer = drop by, drop in, slump, droop, mosey.

* empezar a caer en picado = hit + the skids, be on the skids.

* hacer caer = oust.

* maná caído del cielo = manna from heaven.

* no caer bien = not take + kindly to, not take + kindly to.

* no caer en buenas manos = fall into + the wrong hands.

* noche + caer = night + fall.

* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.

* palabras + caer en + saco roto = words + fall on + deaf ears.

* precio + caer = price + fall.

* recesión + caer en = recession + set in.

* salir y caer = fall out (of).

* sistema + caerse = system + crash.

* telón + caer = curtain + fall.

* trabajar hasta caer muerto = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.

* volver a caer (en) = relapse (into).

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( de una altura) to fall; ( de posición vertical) to fall over

caí mal — I fell badly o awkwardly

cayó cuan largo era — he fell flat on his face

el coche cayó por un precipicio — the car went over a cliff

cayó muerto allí mismo — he dropped down dead on the spot

se dejó caer en el sillón/en sus brazos — she flopped into the armchair/fell into his arms

se dejó caer desde el borde del precipicio — he jumped off from the edge of the cliff

el avión cayó en picada or (Esp) en picado — the plane nosedived

cayó en el mar — it came down in the sea

caer parado — (AmL) ( literal) to land on one's feet; ( tener suerte) to fall o land on one's feet

dejar caer algo — < objeto> to drop; < noticia> to let drop o fall; < indirecta> to drop

2) chaparrón/nevada

cayó un chaparrón — it poured down

cayó una fuerte nevada — it snowed heavily

cayó una helada — there was a frost

cayeron unas pocas gotas — there were a few drops of rain

el rayo cayó cerca — the lightning struck nearby

3)

a) cortinas/falda to hang

el pelo le caía suelto hasta la cintura — her hair hung down to her waist

b) terreno to drop

caer en pendiente — to slope down

4)

a) ( incurrir)

caer en algo: no caigas en ese error don't make that mistake; cayó en la tentación de mirar she succumbed to the temptation to look; la obra por momentos cae en lo ridículo at times the play lapses into the ridiculous; caer muy bajo to stoop very low; qué bajo has caído — you've really sunk low this time

b) (en engaño, timo)

todos caímos (en la trampa) — we all fell for it

caer como angelitos — (fam)

cayeron como chinos or angelitos — they swallowed it hook, line and sinker

5) (fam) (entender, darse cuenta)

ah, ya caigo! — ( ya entiendo) oh, now I get it! (colloq); ( ya recuerdo) oh, now I remember

no caigo — I can't think o I'm not sure what (o who etc) you mean

no caí en que tú no tenías llave — I didn't realize o (fam) I didn't click that you didn't have keys

6) ( en un estado)

caer en desuso — palabra to fall into disuse; costumbre to die out

caer en el olvido — to sink into oblivion

caer enfermo — to fall ill

cayó en cama — he took to his bed

7)

a) gobierno/ciudad to fall

caer en poder de alguien — to fall to somebody

b) ( perder el cargo) to lose one's job

se hará una investigación, caiga quien caiga — an inquiry will be held, however many heads have to roll

c) soldado ( morir) to fall, die; ( ser apresado) to be caught

8)

a) desgracia/maldición

caer sobre alguien — to befall somebody (frml or liter)

la que me (te, etc) ha caído encima — (fam)

no sabes la que te ha caído encima — you don't know what's in store for you

b)

al caer la tarde/la noche — at sunset o dusk/nightfall

antes de que caiga la noche — before it gets dark o before nightfall

9) (fam) ( tocar en suerte)

le cayó una pregunta muy difícil — he got a really difficult question

le cayeron tres años (de cárcel) — he got three years (in jail)

el gordo cayó en Bilbao — the jackpot was won by someone in Bilbao

10) (+ compl)

a) ( sentar)

el pescado me cayó mal — the fish didn't agree with me

le cayó muy mal que no la invitaran — she was very upset about not being invited

b) ( en cuestiones de gusto)

tu primo me cae muy bien — I really like your cousin

me cae de gordo or de mal... — (fam) I can't stand him (colloq)

11)

a) (fam) ( presentarse) to show up, turn up (BrE)

de vez en cuando cae or se deja caer por aquí — she drops by o in now and then

estar al caer: los invitados están al caer — the guests will be here any minute o moment (now)

b) ( abalanzarse)

caer sobre alguien — to fall upon o on somebody

caerle encima a alguien — (fam) to pounce o leap on somebody

12)

a) ( estar comprendido)

caer dentro de algo — to fall within something

cae dentro de nuestra jurisdicción — it comes under o falls within our jurisdiction

cae dentro de sus obligaciones — that's one of her duties

b) cumpleaños/festividad to fall on

el 20 cae en (un) domingo — the 20th falls on a Sunday o is a Sunday

¿el 27 (en) qué día cae or en qué cae? — what day's the 27th?

c) (Esp fam) ( estar situado) to be

¿por dónde cae? — whereabouts is that?

13) precios/temperatura to fall, drop

14) (Ven) ( aportar dinero) (fam) to chip in (colloq)

15) (Ven fam) llamada

la llamada no me cayó — I couldn't get through
2.
caerse v pron

1)

a) ( de una altura) to fall; ( de la posición vertical) to fall, to fall over

te vas a caer — you'll fall

me caí por las escaleras — I fell down the stairs

caerse del caballo/de la cama — to fall off one's horse/out of bed

se cayó redondo — (fam) he collapsed in a heap

está que se cae de cansancio — (fam) she's dead on her feet (colloq)

b) (+ me/te/le etc)

oiga, se le cayó un guante — excuse me, you dropped your glove

se me cayó de las manos — it slipped out of my hands

cuidado, no se te vaya a caer — be careful, don't drop it

por poco se me cae el armario encima — the wardrobe nearly fell on top of me

se me están cayendo las medias — my stockings are falling down

caerse con alguien — (Col fam) to go down in somebody's estimation

no tiene/tienen dónde caerse muerto/muertos — (fam) he hasn't/they haven't got a penny to his/their name

se cae por su propio peso or de maduro — it goes without saying

2) ( desprenderse) diente to fall out; hojas to fall off; botón to come off, fall off

se le ha empezado a caer el pelo — he's started to lose his hair

la ropa se le caía a pedazos — her clothes were falling to pieces

* * *

= drop, fall, tumble, slump, take + a tumble.

Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.

Ex: There may be pale drip marks in the neighbourhood of the tranchefiles, where drops of water fell from the deckle or from the maker's hand on to the new-made sheet.

Ex: The form this 'hypothesis' has come to take is easily dismissed as a straw figure and serious consideration of the relation between language diversity and thinking has largely tumbled with it.

Ex: The copy was grubby from use, a paperback with a photographically realistic full-color painting on its cover of an early teenage boy slumped in what looked to me like a corner of a very dirty back alley, a can of Coke in his hand.

Ex: Tourism takes a tumble in Australia due to the global credit crunch.

* al caer la noche = at nightfall.

* caer aguanieve = sleet.

* caer al vacío = fall into + the void, fall into + (empty) space.

* caer como chinches = drop like + flies.

* caer como moscas = drop like + flies.

* caer de cabeza = go over + Posesivo + head.

* caer de espaldas = fall on + Posesivo + back.

* caer dentro de = fall within/into, fall into.

* caer dentro de la competencia de = be the province of, fall within + the province of.

* caer de pie = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.

* caer deshecho = flake out.

* caer desplomado = slump in + a heap.

* caer en = run + foul of, lapse into, slip into, slide into.

* caer en barbecho = fall on + barren ground, fall on + fallow ground.

* caer en batalla = fall in + battle.

* caer en combate = fall in + action.

* caer en descrédito = come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute.

* caer en desgracia = fall from + grace, fall into + disfavour, tumble into + disgrace, come into + disrepute, fall into + disrepute, be in the doghouse, fall + foul of.

* caer en desuso = fall into + disuse, fall out of + fashion, go out of + use, lapse, fall into + disfavour, die out, drop from + sight, go out of + favour, pass away, fall into + desuetude, fall into + desuetude, pass into + desuetude, sink into + desuetude, sink into + oblivion.

* caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.

* caer en el olvido = fall into + obscurity, fall into + oblivion, fade into + obscurity, fade into + oblivion, blow over.

* caer enfermo = become + ill, fall + ill, get + sick.

* caer en forma de cascada = cascade.

* caer en gracia = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to, take + a liking to.

* caer en la cuenta = dawn on, wise up, the penny dropped, suss (out).

* caer en la cuenta de = realise [realize, -USA].

* caer en la nada = fall into + the void, fall into + (empty) space.

* caer en la oscuridad = fall into + obscurity, sink into + oblivion, sink into + obscurity, fade into + obscurity, fade into + oblivion.

* caer en la tentación = fall into + temptation.

* caer en la trampa = fall into + the trap, fall for + it, fall into + the snare.

* caer en manos de = fall into + the hands of.

* caer en manos enemigas = fall into + enemy hands.

* caer en oídos sordos = fall on + deaf ears, meet + deaf ears.

* caer en picado = plummet, swoop, take + a nosedive, nosedive.

* caer en redondo = flake out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out, keel over.

* caer en terreno baldío = fall on + barren ground, fall on + fallow ground.

* caer en terreno pedregoso = fall on + stony ground.

* caer en una broma = fall for + a joke, fall for + it.

* caer en una trampa = tumble into + pitfall.

* caer en un hábito = lapse into + habit.

* caer fuera de = fall outside, lie beyond.

* caer fuera del alcance de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera de las responsabilidades de = be on the outer fringes of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* caer fuera del objetivo de = fall outside + the scope of.

* caer hecho polvo = flake out.

* caer mal = rub + Nombre + up the wrong way.

* caer por selección = drop.

* caer presa de = fall + prey to, be prey of.

* caerse = fall out, fall off, tumble down, topple over, come + a cropper, go down, fall over, take + a tumble.

* caerse a = topple onto.

* caerse bien = hit it off.

* caerse colándose por = fall through.

* caerse de = fall off of.

* caerse de bruces = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.

* caerse de la cama = roll out of + bed.

* caerse hacia atrás = fall backwards.

* caerse hacia delante = fall forward.

* caérsele la baba por = go + gaga (over).

* caerse muerto = drop + dead.

* caerse recondo = pass out.

* caerse redondo = keel over, flake out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.

* caer sobre = fall onto.

* caer un chaparrón = the skies + open up.

* caer un diluvio = the skies + open up.

* cayéndose a pedazos = disintegrating.

* comprar hasta caer muerto = shop 'til you drop.

* dejar caer = drop, dump.

* dejar caer insinuaciones = throw + hints.

* dejar caer una indirecta = drop + a hint.

* dejarse caer = drop by, drop in, slump, droop, mosey.

* empezar a caer en picado = hit + the skids, be on the skids.

* hacer caer = oust.

* maná caído del cielo = manna from heaven.

* no caer bien = not take + kindly to, not take + kindly to.

* no caer en buenas manos = fall into + the wrong hands.

* noche + caer = night + fall.

* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.

* palabras + caer en + saco roto = words + fall on + deaf ears.

* precio + caer = price + fall.

* recesión + caer en = recession + set in.

* salir y caer = fall out (of).

* sistema + caerse = system + crash.

* telón + caer = curtain + fall.

* trabajar hasta caer muerto = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.

* volver a caer (en) = relapse (into).

* * *

caer [ E16 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ caer (verbo intransitivo)

A de una altura

B caer: chaparrón, nevada

C

1 caer: cortinas, falda

2 caer: terreno

D

1 incurrir

2 en un engaño, un timo

E entender, darse cuenta

F

1 en un estado

2 caer en un vicio

G

1 caer: gobierno, plaza etc

2 perder el cargo

3 caer: soldado

4 caer: fugitivo

5 caer enfermo

H

1 caer: desgracia, maldición etc

2 caer: tarde, noche

I tocar en suerte

J

1 sentarle mal

2 en cuestiones de gusto

K

1 presentarse, aparecer

2 caer sobre alguien

L

1 estar comprendido

2 caer: cumpleaños etc

3 estar situado

M caer: precios etc

N aportar dinero

O caer: llamada

■ caerse (verbo pronominal)

A

1 de una altura

2 caerse + me/te/le etc

B desprenderse

C equivocarse

D contribuir

vi

A (de una altura) to fall; (de la posición vertical) to fall over

caí mal y me rompí una pierna I fell badly o awkwardly and broke my leg

tropezó y cayó cuan largo era he tripped and fell flat on his face

cayó de espaldas/de bruces she fell flat on her back/face

cayeron de rodillas y le pidieron perdón they fell o dropped to their knees and begged for forgiveness

cayó el telón the curtain came down o fell

la pelota cayó en el pozo the ball fell o dropped into the well

el coche cayó por un precipicio the car went over a cliff

cayó muerto allí mismo he dropped down dead on the spot

se dejó caer en el sillón she flopped into the armchair

se dejó caer desde el borde del precipicio he jumped off from the edge of the cliff

el avión cayó en picada or ( Esp) en picado the plane nosedived

el helicóptero cayó en el mar the helicopter came down o crashed in the sea

le caían lágrimas de los ojos tears fell from her eyes o rolled down her cheeks

caer parado ( AmL) (literal) to land on one's feet; (tener suerte) to fall o land on one's feet

dejar caer algo ‹objeto› to drop;

‹noticia› to let drop o fall

lo dejó caer así, como quien no quiere la cosa she just slipped it into the conversation, she just let it drop in passing

B

«chaparrón/nevada»: cayó una helada there was a frost

cayó una fuerte nevada it snowed heavily

empezó a caer granizo it began to hail

está cayendo un aguacero it's pouring

cayeron unas pocas gotas there were a few drops of rain

el rayo cayó muy cerca de aquí the lightning struck very near here

C

1 «cortinas/falda» (colgar, pender) to hang

con un poco de almidón la tela cae mejor a little starch makes the fabric hang better

el pelo le caía suelto hasta la cintura her hair hung down to her waist

2 «terreno» to drop, fall

el terreno cae en pendiente hacia el río the land falls away o slopes down toward(s) the river

D

1 (incurrir) caer EN algo:

no caigas en el error de decírselo don't make the mistake of telling him

no nos dejes caer en la tentación lead us not into temptation

cayó en la tentación de leer la carta she succumbed to the temptation to read the letter

la obra por momentos cae en lo ridículo at times the play lapses into the ridiculous

esos chistes ya caen en lo chabacano those jokes can only be described as vulgar

caer muy bajo to stoop very low

venderse así es caer muy bajo I wouldn't stoop so low as to sell myself like that

¡qué bajo has caído! you've sunk pretty low!, how low can you get!, that's stooping pretty low!

2

(en un engaño, un timo): a todos nos hizo el mismo cuento y todos caímos he told us all the same story and we all fell for it

¿cómo pudiste caer en semejante trampa? how could you be taken in by o fall for a trick like that?

caer como chinos or angelitos ( fam): todos cayeron como chinos or angelitos they swallowed it hook, line and sinker

E ( fam)

(entender, darse cuenta): ¡ah, ya caigo! oh, now I get it! ( colloq)

cuenta¹ f G. (↑ cuenta (1))

F

1

(en un estado): caer en desuso «palabra» to fall into disuse;

«costumbre» to die out

caer en el olvido to sink into oblivion

desgracia f A. (↑ desgracia)

2

caer en un vicio to get into a bad habit

caer en el alcohol to take to drink

caer en la droga to start taking drugs

G

1 «gobierno/ciudad/plaza» to fall

la capital había caído en poder del enemigo the capital had fallen into enemy hands

¡que no vaya a caer en manos del profesor! don't let the teacher get hold of it!, don't let it fall into the teacher's hands!

2 (perder el cargo) to lose one's job

cayó por disentir con ellos he lost his job o ( colloq) came to grief because he disagreed with them

vamos a continuar con la investigación, caiga quien caiga we are going to continue with the investigation, however many heads have to roll

3 «soldado» (morir) to fall, die

4 «fugitivo» (ser apresado) to be caught

han caído los cabecillas de la pandilla the gang leaders have been caught

5

caer enfermo to fall ill, be taken ill

cayó en cama he took to his bed

yo también caí con gripe I went o came down with flu as well

H

1 «desgracia/maldición»: caer SOBRE algn; to befall sb ( frmlor liter)

la tragedia que ha caído sobre nuestro pueblo the tragedy that has befallen our nation

2

al caer la tarde/la noche at sunset o dusk/nightfall

antes de que caiga la noche before it gets dark o before nightfall

I ( fam)

(tocar en suerte): le cayó una pregunta muy difícil he got a really difficult question

¡te va a caer una bofetada! you're going to get a smack!

le cayeron tres años (de cárcel) he got three years (in jail)

¿cuántas (asignaturas) te han caído este año? ( Esp); how many subjects have you failed this year?

el gordo ha caído en Bilbao the jackpot has been won in Bilbao

J (+ compl)

1

(sentar): el pescado me cayó mal the fish didn't agree with me

le cayó muy mal que no la invitaran she wasn't invited and she took it very badly, she was very upset at o about not being invited

la noticia me cayó como un balde or jarro de agua fría the news came as a real shock

2

(en cuestiones de gusto): tu primo me cae muy bien or muy simpático I really like your cousin

no lo soporto, me cae de gordo/de mal … ( fam); I can't stand him, he's a real pain ( colloq)

gracia f Sense I E. (↑ gracia)

K

1 ( fam) (presentarse, aparecer) to show up, turn up ( BrE)

no podías haber caído en mejor momento you couldn't have turned up o come at a better time

de vez en cuando cae or se deja caer por aquí she drops by o in now and then

no podemos caerles así, de improviso we can't just show o turn up on their doorstep without any warning

estar al caer: los invitados están al caer the guests will be here any minute o moment (now)

2 (abalanzarse) caer SOBRE algn to fall upon o on sb

tres enmascarados cayeron sobre él three masked men pounced on him o fell on him o set upon him

cayeron sobre el enemigo a medianoche they fell on o ( frml) descended on the enemy at midnight

caerle a algn ( Per fam); to score with sb, to get off with sb ( BrE colloq)

caerle encima a algn ( fam); to pounce o leap on sb

L

1 (estar comprendido) caer DENTRO DE algo:

ese barrio no cae dentro de nuestra jurisdicción that area doesn't come under o fall within our jurisdiction

su caso no cae dentro de mi competencia his case falls outside the scope of my powers ( frml)

eso cae dentro de sus obligaciones that's part of her job, that's one of her duties

cae de lleno dentro de la corriente posmodernista it fits squarely within the postmodernist style

2 «cumpleaños/festividad» to fall

el 20 de febrero cae en (un) domingo February 20 falls on a Sunday o is a Sunday

¿el 27 (en) qué día cae or en qué cae? what day's the 27th?

3 ( Esp fam) (estar situado) to be

¿eso por dónde cae? whereabouts is that?

M «precios/temperatura» (bajar) to fall, drop

el dólar ha caído en el mercado internacional the dollar has fallen on the international market

N ( Ven) (aportar dinero) ( fam) to chip in ( colloq)

O

( Ven fam) «llamada»: la llamada no me cayó I couldn't get through

■ caerse

v pron

A

1 (de una altura) to fall; (de la posición vertical) to fall, fall over

bájate de ahí, te vas a caer come down from there, you'll fall

tropecé y casi me caigo I tripped and nearly fell (over)

casi me caigo al agua I nearly fell in o into the water

me caí por las escaleras I fell down the stairs

se cayó del caballo he fell off his horse

se cayó de la cama she fell out of bed

se cayó redondo ( fam); he collapsed in a heap

está que se cae de cansancio ( fam); she's dead on her feet ( colloq), she's ready to drop ( colloq)

se cayó y se rompió it fell and smashed

2 (+ me/te/le etc):

oiga, se le ha caído un guante excuse me, you've dropped your glove

se me cayó de las manos it slipped out of my hands

ten cuidado, no se te vaya a caer be careful, don't drop it

por poco se me cae el armario encima the wardrobe nearly fell on top of me

se me están cayendo las medias my stockings are falling down

caerse con algn ( Col fam); to go down in sb's estimation

estoy caída con ella I'm in her bad books ( colloq)

¡me caigo y no me levanto! ( fam euf) (expresando sorpresa) well, I'll be darned o ( BrE) blowed! ( colloq), good heavens! ( colloq) (expresando irritación) I don't believe it!

no tener donde caerse muerto ( fam): no tiene donde caerse muerto he hasn't got a penny to his name

se cae de or por su propio peso or de maduro it goes without saying

B (desprenderse) «diente» to fall out; «hojas» to fall off; «botón» to come off, fall off

se le cayó un diente one of her teeth fell out

se le ha empezado a caer el pelo he's started to lose his hair o go bald

la ropa se le caía a pedazos de vieja her clothes were so old they were falling to pieces o falling apart

C ( Chi fam) (equivocarse) to goof ( AmE colloq), to boob ( BrE colloq)

D

( Méx fam) (contribuir) caerse CON algo: me caí con la lana I chipped in ( colloq)

* * *

caer ( conjugate caer) verbo intransitivo
1 ( de una altura) to fall;
( de posición vertical) to fall over;
◊ el coche cayó por un precipicio the car went over a cliff;

cayó muerto allí mismo he dropped down dead on the spot;
cayó en el mar it came down in the sea;
caer parado (AmL) to land on one's feet;
dejar caer algo ‹objeto/indirecta› to drop sth.;
dejó caer la noticia que … she let drop the news that …
2
a) [chaparrón/nevada]:

◊ cayó un chaparrón it poured down;

cayó una fuerte nevada it snowed heavily;
el rayo cayó cerca the lightning struck nearby
b) [ noche] to fall;

◊ al caer la tarde/noche at sunset o dusk/nightfall

3
a) ( pender) [cortinas/falda] to hang

b) [ terreno] to drop;

◊ caer en pendiente to slope down

4 (en error, trampa):
◊ no caigas en ese error don't make that mistake;

todos caímos (en la trampa) we all fell for it;
cayó en la tentación de mirar she succumbed to the temptation to look;
caer muy bajo to stoop very low
5 (fam) (entender, darse cuenta):
◊ ¡ah, ya caigo! ( ya entiendo) oh, now I get it! (colloq);

( ya recuerdo) oh, now I remember;
◊ no caigo I'm not sure what (o who etc) you mean;

no caí en que tú no tenías llave I didn't realize o (fam) I didn't click that you didn't have keys
6 ( en un estado):
◊ caer en el olvido to sink into oblivion;

caer enfermo to fall ill
7 [gobierno/ciudad] to fall;
[ soldado] ( morir) to fall, die
8 [precios/temperatura] to fall, drop
9
a) ( sentar):

◊ el pescado me cayó mal the fish didn't agree with me;

le cayó muy mal que no la invitaran she was very upset about not being invited
b) [ persona]:

◊ tu primo me cae muy bien I really like your cousin;

me cae muy mal (fam) I can't stand him (colloq);
¿qué tal te cayó? what did you think of him?
[cumpleaños/festividad] to fall on;
◊ ¿el 27 en qué (día) cae? what day's the 27th?

caerse verbo pronominal
a) ( de una altura) to fall;

( de posición vertical) to fall, to fall over;
◊ me caí por las escaleras I fell down the stairs;

caerse del caballo/de la cama to fall off one's horse/out of bed;
está que se cae de cansancio (fam) she's dead on her feet (colloq)
b) caérsele algo a algn:

◊ oiga, se le cayó un guante excuse me, you dropped your glove;

no se te vaya a caer don't drop it;
se me cayó de las manos it slipped out of my hands;
se me están cayendo las medias my stockings are falling down
c) ( desprenderse) [ diente] to fall out;

[ hojas] to fall off;
[ botón] to come off, fall off;
◊ se le empieza a caer el pelo he's started to lose his hair

caer verbo intransitivo
1 to fall
caer desde lo alto, to fall from the top
caer por la ventana, to fall out of the window
caer por las escaleras, to fall down the stairs
2 (captar) to understand, see: no caí, I didn't twig
US I didn't realize it
ya caigo, ¡qué tontería!, I get it ¡it's easy!
3 (estar situado) to be: eso cae por aquí cerca, it is somewhere near here
4 (tener lugar) to be: ¿cuándo cae este año la Semana Santa?, when is Easter this year?
5 (causar buena o mala impresión) le cae bien/mal, he likes/doesn't like her
parece que el muchacho le cayó en gracia, it seems that he likes the boy
6 (en una situación) caer enfermo, to fall ill
caer en desgracia, to fall out of favour
7 (ir a parar) cayó en las garras del enemigo, she fell into the clutches of the enemy
fuimos a caer en una pensión de mala muerte, we turned up in the guesthouse from hell
♦ Locuciones: caer (muy) bajo, to sink (very) low
dejar caer, (un objeto, una indirecta) to drop
dejarse caer por, to drop by
estar al caer, (a punto de llegar) he'll arrive any minute now
(a punto de ocurrir) it's on the way
al caer el día, in the evening
al caer la noche, at nightfall
' caer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abatimiento
- abatirse
- al
- anillo
- burra
- burro
- chinche
- combatir
- cuenta
- dejarse
- derrumbar
- derrumbarse
- descolgar
- desgracia
- desmayada
- desmayado
- despatarrarse
- desuso
- estar
- gorda
- gordo
- lazada
- pelo
- picada
- picado
- plomo
- pura
- puro
- red
- redonda
- redondo
- resbalar
- tirar
- tirarse
- Tiro
- trampa
- tumbar
- ubicarse
- verter
- balde
- bomba
- caiga
- cama
- cayera
- dejar
- enfermar
- ir
- largar
- muerto
- olvido
English:
bear down on
- clutch
- come down
- deaf
- die out
- disgrace
- disrepute
- down
- drop
- fall
- favor
- favour
- flat
- flop
- freeze
- intimate
- keel over
- land
- lapse
- oblivion
- plummet
- push over
- rub up
- shake down
- sharply
- sink
- slump
- snare
- steeply
- strike
- tailspin
- twig
- walk into
- wise
- beat
- blow
- cascade
- catch
- come
- crash
- die
- go
- hang
- keel
- knock
- nose
- plunge
- realize
- shower
- splash

* * *

caer

♦ vi

1. [hacia abajo] to fall;

cuando caen las hojas when the leaves fall;

caer de un tejado/árbol to fall from a roof/tree;

caer en un pozo to fall into a well;

el avión cayó al mar the plane crashed into the sea;

tropezó y cayó al suelo she tripped and fell (over o down);

cayó en brazos de su madre she fell into her mother's arms;

cayó por la ventana a la calle he fell out of the window into the street;

cayó de bruces/de cabeza she fell flat on her face/headlong;

cayó redondo he slumped to the ground, he collapsed in a heap;

cayó rodando por la escalera she fell down the stairs;

dejar caer algo [objeto] to drop sth;

dejar caer que… [comentar] to let drop that…;

dejó caer la noticia de su renuncia como si no tuviera importancia she casually mentioned the fact that she was resigning as if it were a matter of no importance;

hacer caer algo to knock sth down, to make sth fall

2. [lluvia, nieve] to fall;

caerá nieve por encima de los 1.000 metros snow is expected in areas over 1,000 metres;

cayeron cuatro gotas there were a few spots of rain;

cayó una helada there was a frost;

está cayendo un diluvio it's pouring down;
Fam
está cayendo una buena it's pouring down, Br it's chucking it down;

cayó un rayo a pocos metros del edificio a bolt of lightning struck only a few metres from the building

3. [sol] to go down, to set;

al caer el día o [m5] la tarde at dusk;

al caer el sol at sunset;

la noche cayó antes de que llegaran al refugio night fell before they reached the shelter

4. [colgar] to fall, to hang down;

el cabello le caía sobre los hombros her hair hung down to o fell over her shoulders

5. [ciudad, gobierno] to fall;

el aeropuerto cayó en poder de los insurgentes the airport fell to the rebels, the airport was taken by the rebels;

el Imperio Romano cayó en el siglo V the Roman Empire fell in the 5th century;

el escándalo hizo caer al Primer Ministro the scandal brought the Prime Minister down;

han caído los líderes del comando terrorista the leaders of the terrorist unit have been captured

6. [morir] [soldado] to fall, to be killed;

Comp

caer como moscas to drop like flies

7. [decrecer] [interés] to decrease, to subside;
[precio] to fall, to go down;
ha caído bastante el interés por estos temas interest in these subjects has fallen away o subsided quite a lot;

ha caído el precio del café the price of coffee has gone down o fallen;

los precios cayeron súbitamente prices fell suddenly;

la libra ha caído frente al euro the pound has fallen o dropped against the euro

8. [incurrir]
siempre cae en los mismos errores she always makes the same mistakes;
Rel
no nos dejes caer en la tentación lead us not into temptation;

tu actitud cae en lo patético your attitude is nothing less than pathetic;

no debemos caer en la provocación we shouldn't allow ourselves to be provoked

9. [darse cuenta]
no dije nada porque no caí I didn't say anything because it didn't occur to me to do so;

caer (en algo) [recordar] to be able to remember (sth);

¡ahora caigo! [lo entiendo] I see it now!;
[lo recuerdo] now I remember!;
ahora caigo en lo que dices now I see what you are saying;
Esp
no caigo I give up, I don't know;

Comp

caer en la cuenta to realize, to understand;

cuando cayó en la cuenta del error, intentó subsanarlo when she realized her mistake, she tried to correct it

10. [picar] [en broma] to fall for it;

me gastaron una broma, pero no caí they played a trick on me, but I didn't fall for it;

caer en una trampa to fall into a trap

11. [tocar, ir a parar a]
me cayó el premio I won the prize;

nos cayó la mala suerte we had bad luck;

me cayó el tema que mejor me sabía I got a question on the subject I knew best;

le cayeron dos años (de cárcel) he got two years (in jail);

la desgracia cayó sobre él he was overtaken by misfortune;

¿cómo me ha podido caer a mí un trabajo así? how did I end up getting a job like this?;

procura que el informe no caiga en sus manos try to avoid the report falling into her hands

12. [coincidir] [fecha]
caer en to fall on;

cae en domingo it falls on a Sunday;

¿en qué día cae Navidad este año? what day (of the week) is Christmas this year?

13. Esp [estar, quedar]
cae cerca de aquí it's not far from here;

¿por dónde cae la oficina de turismo? where's o whereabouts is the tourist information centre?;

los baños caen a la izquierda the toilets are on the left;

cae en el segundo capítulo it's in the second chapter;

eso cae fuera de mis competencias that is o falls outside my remit

14. [en situación]
caer enfermo to fall ill, to be taken ill;

cayó en cama he took to his bed;

caer en desuso to fall into disuse;

caer en el olvido to fall into oblivion;

caer en la desesperación to fall into despair;

caer en desgracia to fall into disgrace

15. [sentar]
caer bien/mal [comentario, noticia] to go down well/badly;

su comentario no cayó nada bien her comment didn't go down well;

caer bien/mal a alguien [comida, bebida] to agree/disagree with sb;
Esp [ropa] to suit/not to suit sb; Esp
los pantalones ajustados no te caen nada bien tight trousers don't suit you at all;

Comp

caer como un jarro de agua fría to come as a real shock

16. [causar una impresión]
me cae bien I like him, he seems nice;

me cae mal I can't stand him;

tu hermano me cae muy mal I can't stand your brother;

me cayó mal I didn't like him at all;

cae mal a todo el mundo he doesn't get on with anyone;
Fam
tu jefe me cae gordo I can't stand your boss

17. [abalanzarse]
caer sobre to fall o descend upon;

caer sobre alguien [ladrón] to pounce o fall upon sb;

cayeron sobre la ciudad para saquearla they fell upon the city and pillaged it

18. Esp Fam [en examen] to fail;

la mitad de la clase cayó en el primer examen half the class failed the first exam;

¿cuántas te han caído? how many did you fail?

19. Fam [decaer] to go downhill;

el equipo ha caído mucho en el último mes the team has gone seriously off the boil over the last month

20. Com [pago] to fall due

21. Am [visitar] to drop in

22. Comp

caer (muy) bajo to sink (very) low;

parece mentira que hayas caído tan bajo I can hardly believe that you would sink so low;

¡qué bajo has caído! I never thought you'd sink so low!;

caer por su propio peso to be self-evident;

todos mis consejos cayeron en saco roto all my advice fell on deaf ears;

dejarse caer por casa de alguien to drop by sb's house;

estar al caer to be about to arrive;

ya son las cinco, así que deben de estar al caer it's five o'clock, so they should be arriving any minute now;

el anuncio debe de estar al caer the announcement should be made any minute now;

se proseguirá con la investigación caiga quien caiga the investigation will proceed no matter who might be implicated o even if it means that heads will roll;
RP Fam
caer parado to fall on one's feet

♦ See also the pronominal verb caerse

* * *

caer

I v/i

1 fall;

caer sobre fall on;

dejar caer algo drop sth;

caer enfermo fall ill;

caer en lunes fall on a Monday;

al caer la noche at sunset o nightfall;

caiga quien caiga no matter whose head has to roll;

caer muy bajo fig stoop very low;

dejarse caer fam flop down

2

:

me cae bien/mal fig I like/don’t like him

3 de un lugar

:

cae cerca it’s not far;

¿por dónde cae este pueblo? whereabouts is this village?

4

:

estar al caer be about to arrive;

¡ahora caigo! fig now I get it!

* * *

caer {13} vi

1) : to fall, to drop

2) : to collapse

3) : to hang (down)

4)

caer bien fam : to be pleasant, to be likeable

me caes bien: I like you

5)

caer mal or

caer gordo fam : to be unpleasant, to be unlikeable

♦ See also the reflexive verb caerse

* * *

caer vb

1. (en general) to fall [pt. fell; pp. fallen]

cayó por la escalera she fell down the stairs

la lámpara ha caído al suelo the lamp has fallen on the floor

ha caído enfermo he's fallen ill

2. (fecha) to be / to fall

este año, mi cumpleaños cae en martes my birthday is on a Tuesday this year

3. (entender) to get something

no caigo I don't get it

caerle bien a alguien to like

caes bien a todo el mundo everybody likes you

caerle mal a alguien not to be able to stand

este tipo me cae muy mal I can't stand that guy

caer desmayado to faint / to collapse

dejar caer to drop [pt. & pp. dropped]

dejé caer el vaso I dropped the glass

dejar caer por to drop by

estar al caer to be almost here / to be about to arrive

el examen está al caer the exam is almost here

mamá está al caer Mum'll be here any minute

Spanish-English dictionary > caer

18 Clymer, George E.

SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing

[br]

b. 1754 Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA

d. 27 August 1834 London, England

[br]

American inventor of the Columbian printing press.

[br]

Clymer was born on his father's farm, of a family that emigrated from Switzerland in the early eighteenth century. He attended local schools, helping out on the farm in his spare time, and he showed a particular talent for maintaining farm machinery. At the age of 16 he learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, which he followed in the same district for over twenty-five years. During that time, he showed his talent for mechanical invention in many ways, including the invention of a plough specially adapted to the local soils. Around 1800, he moved to Philadelphia, where his interest was aroused by the erection of the first bridge over the Schuylkill River. He devised a pump to remove water from the cofferdams at a rate of 500 gallons per day, superior to any other pumps then in use. He obtained a US patent for this in 1801, and a British one soon after.

Clymer then turned his attention to the improvement of the printing press. For three and a half centuries after its invention, the old wooden-framed press had remained virtually unchanged except in detail. The first real change came in 1800 with the introduction of the iron press by Earl Stanhope. Modified versions were developed by other inventors, notably George Clymer, who after more than ten years' effort achieved his Columbian press. With its new system of levers, it enabled perfect impressions to be obtained with far less effort by the pressman. The Columbian was also notable for its distinctive cast-iron ornamentation, including a Hermes on each pillar and alligators and other reptiles on the levers. Most spectacular, it was surmounted by an American spread eagle, usually covered in gilt, which also served as a counterweight to raise the platen. The earliest known Columbian, surviving only in an illustration, bears the inscription Columbian Press/No.25/invented by George Clymer/Anno Domini 1813/Made in Philadelphia 1816. Few American printers could afford the US$400 selling price, so in 1817 Clymer went to England, where it was taken up enthusiastically. He obtained a British patent for it the same year, and by the following March it was being manufactured by the engineering firm R.W.Cope, although Clymer was probably making it on his own account soon afterwards. The Columbian was widely used for many years and continued to be made even into the twentieth century. The King of the Netherlands awarded Clymer a gold medal for his invention and the Tsar of Russia gave him a present for installing the press in Russia. Doubtless for business reasons, Clymer spent most of his remaining years in England and Europe.

[br]

Further Reading

J.Moran, 1973, Printing Presses, London: Faber \& Faber.

—1969, contributed a thorough survey of the press in J. Printing Hist. Soc., no. 3.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Clymer, George E.

19 voll

I Adj.

1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic; ein Koffer / eine Kiste etc. voll Bücher a caseful / boxful etc. of books; das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (Am. grain) in the fields

2. umg. (betrunken) plastered, tight Sl.; umg. (satt) full; voll wie d’ Sau Dial. pissed as a newt, Am. drunk as a skunk

3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur); sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit

4. (rund, glatt) full, whole; voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum); eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour; zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour; es schlägt gleich voll umg. it’s just about to strike the hour; der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg. the bus always leaves at five to (the hour); sechs volle Tage six whole days; ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen

5. (bedeckt) covered; voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with; voller Flecke(n) / Staub etc. covered with marks / dust etc.; alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood

6. (vollständig) full, complete; volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment; bei voller Besinnung fully conscious; er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying

7. fig., in Wendungen: aus voller Brust oder vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice; volle Einzelheiten full details; ein voller Erfolg a complete success; die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story; aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources; in die Vollen gehen umg. go the whole hog; jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take s.o. seriously; Fahrt, Hand1 2 Hand2, Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc.

II Adv.

1. (vollständig) fully; voll gesperrt Straße etc.: completely closed off; wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic

2. oft umg., verstärkend: voll zuschlagen etc. really go for it etc.; voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard; voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly; etw. voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage; eine Kurve ( nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed; jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit s.o.; fig., mit Frage etc.: really catch s.o. out; ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc.: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad; voll dabei sein be completely involved; voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too; ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it; voll nett / witzig etc. really nice / funny etc.; voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up; das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!; das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much; hier ist voll die geile Party Sl. this really is a shit-hot (Am. totally cool) party; der Song etc. ist voll krass the song etc. is really wicked (bes. Am. totally cool); siehe auch völlig, vollkommen

3. mit Verben: sich voll dröhnen umg. get totally high; sich voll essen eat one’s fill; sich voll fressen umg. stuff o.s.; ich habe mich so voll gefressen I think I’m going to burst; voll füllen fill s.th. up; voll gießen fill (up); sich (Dat) das Hemd etc. (mit etw.) voll gießen umg. spill s.th. all over one’s shirt etc.; jemandem die Hucke voll hauen umg. bash s.o.’s head in; voll kotzen Sl. (Zimmer) spew all over; voll kriegen manage to fill s.th. (up); er kriegt den Hals nicht voll he (just) can’t get enough; voll kritzeln umg. scribble all over s.th.; jemanden voll labern umg. bend s.o.’s ear; voll laden (Auto, Kofferraum etc.) load up (to the top); voll laufen fill up; etw. voll laufen lassen fill s.th. up; sich voll laufen lassen umg. get tanked up; voll machen (füllen) fill (up); (beschmutzen) ( auch sich [Dat] etw. voll machen) dirty, mess up; (Tisch, Boden etc.) auch make a mess on; sich voll machen oder die Hosen voll machen fill one’s pants; sich (Dat) die Finger mit Marmelade voll machen get jam all over one’s fingers; voll malen cover with paint; voll packen pack s.th. full ( mit of); voll pfropfen cram s.th. full; voll pumpen (Reifen etc.) pump s.th. up (completely), pump s.th. full; sich (Dat) die Lungen voll pumpen fill one’s lungs (with fresh air); sich mit etw. voll pumpen mit Medikamenten: load o.s. up with s.th.; sich voll pumpen umg. (sich betrinken) tank up, get tight Sl.; mit Drogen: get completely high ( oder doped up); voll qualmen umg. (Zimmer etc.) smoke up; sich voll saufen umg. get tight Sl.; sich voll saugen Insekt etc.: suck itself full ( mit of); Schwamm: soak itself full (of); Stoff etc.: become saturated (with); voll schenken fill (up); sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll schlagen umg. make a (real) pig of o.s.; das Boot schlug voll the boat became swamped; voll schmieren umg. smear all over s.th.; (Kleid) mess up; etw. mit etw. voll schmieren smear s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll schmieren get o.s. dirty, get food etc. all over o.s.; voll schreiben fill (with writing); drei Seiten voll schreiben write three full pages; voll schütten fill (up); voll spritzen spatter; mit Wasser: spray, get s.o. oder s.th. all wet; etw. mit etw. voll spritzen spatter s.th. all over s.th.; sich voll spritzen spatter o.s.; (sich nass machen) get o.s. wet; voll stellen cram ( mit with); ein Zimmer etc. voll stellen auch put things all over a room etc.; das Schlafzimmer mit alten Möbeln etc. voll stellen auch stuff the bedroom with old furniture etc. umg.; voll stopfen stuff, cram; sich (Dat) ( den Bauch) voll stopfen umg. stuff o.s.; voll tanken fill up; umg., fig. (sich betrinken) get tanked up; bitte voll tanken MOT. fill her up, please

4. mit Part. Perf.: voll beladen fully laden; voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg.; voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked; voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc.: auch full-blown; total voll gedröhnt sein Sl. be drugged up to one’s eyeballs; voll geladen loaded (to the top); Auto etc.: loaded down; voll gepackt oder gepfropft oder gestopft crammed (full), packed, jam-packed umg., chock-a-block umg.

* * *

full; total

* * *
vọll [fɔl]
1. adj

1) (= gefüllt) full

voller... — full of...

voll (von or mit) etw — full of sth

voll des Lobes — full of praise

voller Widersprüche sein — to be full of contradictions

mit vollem Mund — with one's mouth full

aus dem Vollen leben — to live a life of luxury, to live in the lap of luxury

aus dem Vollen schöpfen — to draw on unlimited resources

2) (= ganz) full; Satz, Service, Erfolg complete; Woche, Jahr full, whole; Wahrheit whole

ein volles Dutzend — a full or whole dozen

volle drei Jahre/Tage — three whole years/days, fully three years/days

volle neuneinhalb Stunden schlafen — to sleep a solid nine and a half hours

die Uhr schlägt nur die volle Stunde — the clock only strikes the full hour

mehr Nachrichten zur vollen Stunde — more news at the top of the hour

die Zahl ist voll — the numbers are complete

die volle Summe bezahlen — to pay the full sum, to pay the sum in full

in voller Fahrt/vollem Galopp/vollem Lauf — at full speed/gallop/speed

in voller Größe (Bild) — life-size; (bei plötzlicher Erscheinung etc) large as life

sich zu voller Größe aufrichten — to draw oneself up to one's full height

im vollen Tageslicht — in full daylight

in voller Uniform — in full dress or uniform

jdn nicht für voll nehmen — not to take sb seriously

aus vollem Halse or voller Kehle or Brust singen — to sing at the top of one's voice

etw mit vollem Recht tun — to be perfectly right to do sth

mit dem vollen Namen unterschreiben — to sign one's full name, to sign one's name in full

3)

voll wie ein Sack or eine Strandhaubitze or tausend Mann — absolutely plastered (inf), roaring drunk (Brit inf)

4) (= üppig) Gesicht, Busen etc full; Wangen chubby; Haar thick

voller werden — to fill out

5) Stimme, Ton full, rich; Farbton rich

2. adv
fully; (= vollkommen auch) completely; (sl = total) dead (Brit inf real (US inf)
voll und ganz — completely, wholly

die Straße ist voll gesperrt — the road is completely closed

die Straße ist wieder voll befahrbar — the road is completely free again

jdn voll ansehen — to look sb straight in the face

eine Rechnung voll bezahlen — to pay a bill in full

voll hinter jdm/etw stehen — to be or stand fully behind sb/sth

den Mund recht or ganz schön voll nehmen (fig) — to exaggerate greatly, to overdo it

jdn/etw voll treffen (mit Stein, Bombe etc) — to score a direct hit on sb/sth; (ins Gesicht) to hit sb full in the face

etw voll ausnützen — to take full advantage of sth

voll zuschlagen (inf) — to lam out (Brit inf), to hit out

voll durcharbeiten (inf) — to work solidly (throughout)

voll drinstecken (inf) (bei Arbeit) — to be in the middle of it; (in unangenehmer Situation) to be right in it

voll (Stoff) gegen etw fahren (inf) — to run full tilt or slap-bang (inf) into sth

nicht voll da sein (inf) — to be not quite with it (inf)

voll dabei sein (inf) — to be totally involved

See:

→ vollnehmen

* * *

1) (holding or containing as much as possible: My basket is full.) full

2) (quite; at least: It will take fully three days.) fully

* * *

voll

[fɔl]

I. adj

1. (gefüllt, bedeckt) full

mit \vollem Munde spricht man nicht! don't speak with your mouth full!

achte darauf, dass die Gläser nicht zu \voll werden mind that the glasses don't get too full

ein \volles Arschloch (derb) a fat arsehole [or AM asshole]

\voll [mit etw dat] sein to be full [of sth]

das Glas ist \voll Wasser the glass is full of water

das Haus ist \voll von [o mit] unnützen Dingen the house is full of useless things

die Regale sind ganz \voll Staub the shelves are covered in [or full of] dust

eine Kiste \voll Bücher a boxful of books

eine Hand \voll Reis a handful of rice

beide Hände \voll haben to have both hands full

\voll sein (fam: satt) to be full up fam; s.a. gerammelt, gerüttelt

2. (ganz, vollständig) full, whole

ich musste ein \volles Jahr warten I had to wait a whole year

es ist ja kein \voller Monat mehr bis Weihnachten there is less than a month till Christmas

nun warte ich schon \volle 20 Minuten I've been waiting a full twenty minutes

der Intercity nach München fährt jede \volle Stunde the intercity to Munich runs every hour on the hour

den Verteidigern lagen drei Divisionen in \voller Ausrüstung gegenüber the defenders faced three fully equipped divisions

das \volle Ausmaß der Katastrophe the full extent of the disaster

bei \voller Besinnung sein to be fully conscious

\voller Börsenschluss BÖRSE full [or even] lot

aus \voller Brust singen to sing at the top of one's voice

ein \voller Erfolg a total success

in \voller Gala in full evening dress

in \vollem Galopp/Lauf at full gallop/speed

in \voller Größe full-size

mit \vollem Namen unterschreiben to sign one's full name [or name in full]

den \vollen Preis bezahlen to pay the full price

etw mit \vollem Recht tun to be perfectly right to do sth

\voller Satz HANDEL full set

\volle Summe whole sum

die \volle Wahrheit the absolute truth

etw in \vollen Zügen genießen to enjoy sth to the full

3. (prall, rundlich)

du hast zugenommen, du bist deutlich \voller geworden you've put on weight, you've distinctly filled out

ein \volles Gesicht a full face

ein \voller Busen an ample bosom

ein \voller Hintern/ \volle Hüften a well-rounded bottom/well-rounded hips

\volle Wangen chubby cheeks

4. (kräftig) Geschmack, Klang full; Stimme, Farbton rich

der \volle Geschmack the real flavour

5. (dicht) thick

\volles Haar thick hair

ein \voller Bart a thick beard

6. (sl: betrunken)

▪ \voll sein to be plastered fam, to be well tanked up sl

du warst ja gestern Abend ganz schön \voll! you were pretty drunk yesterday evening!

7.

▶ in die V\vollen gehen to go to any lengths

▶ aus dem V\vollen leben [o wirtschaften] to live in the lap of luxury

▶ jdn nicht für \voll nehmen not to take sb seriously

▶ aus dem V\vollen schöpfen to draw on plentiful resources; s.a. Lob

II. adv

1. (vollkommen) completely

durch die Operation wurde ihr Sehvermögen wieder \voll hergestellt as a result of the operation her sight was completely restored

\voll bezahlen müssen to have to pay in full

\voll in der Arbeit stecken (fam) to be in the middle of a job

\voll in Problemen stecken (fam) to be right in it fam

2. (uneingeschränkt) fully

die Mehrheit der Delegierten stand \voll hinter dieser Entscheidung the majority of the delegates were fully behind this decision

ich kann den Antrag nicht \voll unterstützen I cannot fully support the application

etw \voll ausnutzen to take full advantage of sth

\voll und ganz totally

nicht \voll da sein (fam) to not be quite with it sl

3. (sl: total) really

die Band finde ich \voll gut I think the band is brilliant

die haben wir \voll angelabert we really chatted her up fam

4. (fam: mit aller Wucht) right, smack fam

der Wagen war \voll gegen den Pfeiler geprallt the car ran smack into the pillar

er ist \voll mit dem Hinterkopf auf der Bordsteinkante aufgeschlagen the back of his head slammed onto the edge of the curb

seine Faust traf \voll das Kinn seines Gegners he hit his opponent full on the chin with his fist

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) full

der Saal ist voll Menschen — the room is full of people

voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

das Glas ist halb voll — the glass is half full

jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

etwas voll füllen — fill something up

etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

etwas voll packen — pack something full

etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

einen Reifen voll pumpen — pump up a tyre

einen Behälter voll pumpen — fill up a reservoir

etwas voll tanken — fill something up

bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

jeder bekam einen Korb voll — everybody received a basketful

mit vollen Backen kauen — eat with bulging cheeks

aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)

3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>

4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

etwas mit vollem Recht tun — be quite right to do something

in voller Fahrt — at full speed

in vollem Gange sein — be in full swing

die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

mit dem vollen Namen unterschreiben — sign one's full name or one's name in full

das Dutzend ist voll — it's a round dozen

jemanden nicht für voll nehmen — not take somebody seriously

etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

s. auch Hals b —

5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
2.
adverbial fully

voll und ganz — completely

etwas voll auslasten — make full use of something

voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

* * *

voll

A. adj

1. räumlich: full; (voll besetzt) full (up); (gefüllt) full (up), filled; Straßen: full of traffic;

ein Koffer/eine Kiste etc

voll Bücher a caseful/boxful etc of books;

das volle Korn auf den Feldern the ripe corn (US grain) in the fields

2. umg (betrunken) plastered, tight sl; umg (satt) full;

voll wie d’ Sau dial pissed as a newt, US drunk as a skunk

3. (füllig, prall) full (auch Figur);

sie ist voller geworden she has filled out a bit

4. (rund, glatt) full, whole;

voller Betrag full ( oder whole) amount ( oder sum);

eine volle Stunde a full ( oder whole, solid) hour;

zu jeder vollen Stunde every hour on the hour;

zu jeder vollen Stunde schlagen Uhr: strike the full hour;

es schlägt gleich voll umg it’s just about to strike the hour;

der Bus fährt immer fünf vor voll umg the bus always leaves at five to (the hour);

sechs volle Tage six whole days;

ein volles Dutzend a full ( oder whole) dozen

5. (bedeckt) covered;

voll(er), voll von full of; Negativem: rife with;

voller Flecke(n)/Staub etc covered with marks/dust etc;

alles war voll(er) Blut everything was covered with blood

6. (vollständig) full, complete;

volle Beschäftigung full ( ganztägige: full-time) employment;

bei voller Besinnung fully conscious;

er hat es bei voller Besinnung gesagt he was fully aware of what he was saying

7. fig, in Wendungen:

aus voller Brust oder

vollem Halse at the top of one’s voice;

volle Einzelheiten full details;

ein voller Erfolg a complete success;

die volle Wahrheit the whole truth; weitS. the full story;

aus dem Vollen schöpfen draw on plentiful resources;

in die Vollen gehen umg go the whole hog;

jemanden nicht für voll nehmen not take sb seriously; → Fahrt, Hand¹ 2, Hand², Mund, Pulle, Recht 1, Strandhaubitze etc

B. adv

1. (vollständig) fully;

voll gesperrt Straße etc: completely closed off;

wieder voll befahrbar completely reopened to traffic

2. oft umg, verstärkend:

voll zuschlagen etc really go for it etc;

voll bremsen stand on the brakes, brake hard;

voll und ganz fully, completely; unterstützen: wholeheartedly;

etwas

voll ausnützen use to (one’s) full advantage;

eine Kurve (nicht) voll durchfahren SPORT (not) take a curve at top speed;

jemanden voll erwischen (treffen) hit sb; fig, mit Frage etc: really catch sb out;

ihn hat es voll erwischt Grippe etc: he’s got it bad; (er hat sich verliebt) he’s got it bad;

voll dabei sein be completely involved;

voll mit drinstecken be completely up to one’s ears in it too;

ich war nicht voll da I wasn’t quite with it;

voll nett/witzig etc really nice/funny etc;

voll die Krise kriegen get really worked up;

das bringt’s voll! it’s brilliant!;

das ist voll die Härte that’s really asking a bit much;

hier ist voll die geile Party sl this really is a shit-hot (US totally cool) party;

der Song etc

ist voll krass the song etc is really wicked (besonders US totally cool); → auch völlig, vollkommen

3. mit pperf:

voll automatisiert fully automated;

voll beladen fully laden;

voll bepackt loaded down with luggage, (absolutely) loaded umg;

voll besetzt (completely) full; Hotel: auch fully-booked;

voll entwickelt fully developed; Persönlichkeit etc: auch full-blown;

voll klimatisiert fully air-conditioned;

voll mechanisiert fully mechanized;

voll synchronisiert fully synchronized;

voll transistorisiert fully transistorized;

voll transistorisiertes Radio auch solid-state radio

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) full

der Saal ist voll Menschen — the room is full of people

voll von od. mit etwas sein — be full of something

das Glas ist halb voll — the glass is half full

jemanden/etwas voll spritzen — splash water etc. all over somebody/something; (mit Schlauch usw.) spray water etc. all over somebody/something

etwas voll füllen — fill something up

etwas voll gießen — fill something [up]

etwas voll packen — pack something full

etwas voll stopfen — (ugs.) stuff or cram something full

einen Reifen voll pumpen — pump up a tyre

einen Behälter voll pumpen — fill up a reservoir

etwas voll tanken — fill something up

bitte voll tanken — fill it up, please

sich voll saugen — < leech> suck itself full; < sponge> become saturated ( mit with)

etwas voll machen — (ugs.): (füllen) fill something up; (ugs.): (beschmutzen) get or make something dirty

sich (Dat.) die Hosen/Windeln vollmachen — mess one's pants/nappy

um das Maß voll zu machen — (fig.) to crown or cap it all

etwas voll schmieren — (ugs.): (beschmutzen) smear something; (ugs. abwertend): (beschreiben, bemalen) scrawl/draw all over something

etwas voll schreiben — fill something [with writing]

jeder bekam einen Korb voll — everybody received a basketful

mit vollen Backen kauen — eat with bulging cheeks

aus dem vollen schöpfen — draw on abundant or plentiful resources

volle Pulle od. voll[es] Rohr — (salopp) < drive> flat out; s. auch Mund

2) (salopp): (betrunken) plastered (sl.); canned (Brit. sl.)

3) (üppig) full <figure, face, lip>; thick < hair>; ample < bosom>

4) (ganz, vollständig) full; complete <seriousness, success>

etwas mit vollem Recht tun — be quite right to do something

in voller Fahrt — at full speed

in vollem Gange sein — be in full swing

die voll Wahrheit — the full or whole truth

mit dem vollen Namen unterschreiben — sign one's full name or one's name in full

das Dutzend ist voll — it's a round dozen

jemanden nicht für voll nehmen — not take somebody seriously

etwas voll machen — (komplettieren) complete something

s. auch Hals b —

5) (kräftig) full, rich <taste, aroma>; rich < voice>
2.
adverbial fully

voll und ganz — completely

etwas voll auslasten — make full use of something

voll verantwortlich für etwas sein — be wholly responsible or bear full responsibility for something

* * *

adj.

brimful adj.

crowded adj.

fraught adj.

full adj.

plenteous adj.

replete adj. adv.

plenteously adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > voll

20 Á

shall

* * *

a negative suffix to verbs, not;

era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.

* * *

1.

á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]

With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.

WITH DAT.

A. Loc.

I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.

II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.

2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).

3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.

4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.

III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).

B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:

I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.

II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.

III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.

IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.

C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:

I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.

2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.

3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.

II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.

III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.

IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’

2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.

V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.

VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.

VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.

VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.

WITH ACC.

A. Loc.

I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.

2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.

3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.

II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:

1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.

2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.

III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.

IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.

V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.

VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.

VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.

B. TEMP.

I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.

II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.

III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.

IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.

V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.

VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.

VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.

C. Metaph. and in various relations:

I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.

β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.

II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:

1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.

2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.

3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.

β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.

III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.

IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:

1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.

2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.

3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.

V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.

VI. connected with nouns,

1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.

2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.

3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.

VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.

2.

f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.

COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

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